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Direct linkMiyamoto, Kenichiro – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2008
Every state in the United States, under the NCLB act, has set state standards and is testing all students in grades 3-8. Students are given printed questions to which they write answers with a pencil on an answer sheet. These written tests are usually given to determine the academic achievements of students. This paper traces the early history of…
Descriptors: Testing, Academic Achievement, Academic Standards, Standard Setting
Wong, Kenneth K. – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2008
The political landscape in school finance has undergone significant changes in the United States in recent years. It was only a generation ago that the state government assumed the primary funding responsibility in public schools, public agencies at the state and local level "monopolized" service delivery, and many reform initiatives did not…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Educational Finance, Educational Change, Accountability
Sato, Manabu – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2008
Current Educational Reform in Japan is oddly captured with confused conceptions of "compulsory education." The Ministry of Education blankets such connotations of it, as a national budget system, mandated school curriculum, responsible partnership of school with community and accountabilities of local school board, in defense of vested national…
Descriptors: Compulsory Education, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Public Education
White, John – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2007
I take up recent remarks by Teruhisa Horio about school student disaffection in Japan and see echoes of this in Britain. In that country the traditional school curriculum of discrete largely academic subjects is often taken to be one cause of the problem. I review justifications for it but no sound ones appear to be available. We need to…
Descriptors: Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Educational History, Intellectual History
Imai, Yasuo – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2007
This paper examines the development of educational theory in Japan from 1945 to the present in five time divisions: (1) postwar "new education" and its critics (1945-52); (2) revisionist educational policy versus the people's education movement (1952-61); (3) the formation of "postwar pedagogy" as a self-reflection of the educational system…
Descriptors: Educational Theories, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Educational Development
Whitty, Geoff; Wisby, Emma – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2006
This paper considers four notions of teacher professionalism--traditional, managerial, collaborative and democratic professionalism. While its focus is on England, the increasing convergence of education policy around the world means that its discussion and arguments have much wider relevance. The paper begins by outlining the different…
Descriptors: Professional Autonomy, Foreign Countries, Educational Policy, Traditionalism
