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Download full textMatsuoka, Ryoji – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2014
Japanese compulsory education had been praised because of its equality around the early 80s. However, since the third wave-educational reform that began in the 1980s and still persists, it has been pointed out that there are disparities between schools in terms of students' socioeconomic background and academic performance. Although there…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Compulsory Education, Educational Change, Socioeconomic Background
Suetomi, Kaori; Murray, Nadezhda – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2014
The conditions required for a reform of the educational finance system as the foundation of compulsory education are 1) devolution to schools and introduction of national standards in order to deal with "individual equality" while compensating for the insufficiency of "aspectual equality," and 2) dealing with educational needs…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Compulsory Education
Saito, Toshihiko – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2009
Numerous historical studies have been done regarding education in modern Japan from a great diversity of viewpoints. It is true that studies of educational systems and history of educational policies have made considerable progress. Still, there remains great room for improvement in terms of both quantity and quality for studies of everyday…
Descriptors: Middle Schools, Educational Practices, Foreign Countries, English Teachers
