An historical inquiry into the juvenile system's practices of sexual discrimination demonstrates that during the Progressive era girls received more severe treatment in juvenile courts and reformatories. Concludes that the discriminatroy treatment of female delinquents in the early twentieth century resulted from racial prejudice, new theories of…

Since standardized tests are constructed for the purpose of measuring the intellectual capacity of school children from the diverse sociocultural backgrounds in America, one of the main topics of this article concerns the standardization bias inherent in these tests. (Author/AM)

Suggests that educational testing is not only big business in this country, it is also a big game. The "Testing Game", as it is called, refers to an ongoing series of transitions which progress to well-defined, predictable outcomes. (Author/AM)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of a test containing items closely related to the black experience on the performance of white subjects and to determine whether cultural bias could be successfully built into a test that discriminates against white persons. (Author/AM)

Notes that there is no pedagogical or psychological research or evaluation to date to justify the use of norm-referenced standardized tests as precision tools. At best, they are experimental instruments, yet they are used as if they are already proven to be valid. (Author/AM)

Five guidelines to be used when testing black students are: (1) know the goals of testing, (2) select appropriate tests, (3) gain competency in test administration and interpretation, (4) be aware of contextual and situational factors in learning, and (5) evaluate non-test variables. (Author/AM)

The model proposed views the assessment of human functioning as a multi-dimensional process, thus requiring that assessment use several data collection procedures. (Author/AM)

This article lists a series of ten defects that account for most of the inaccuracies in achievement tests. (Author/AM)

Possibly the major conclusion which could be drawn from this study is that for black college students attendance at a predominantly white university and political and racial alienation are directly related. (Author)

Notes that among the most hopeful developments for school desegregation are the three plans proposed and approved by the Chicago Superintendent of Schools and the Board of Education: a faculty integration plan, a student permission transfer plan, and a developing plan for a City-Wide Advisory Committee on School Desegregation. (Author/AM)

Examples of the many ways in which educational media can be used in minority studies, in improving relations between races, and in improving the education of the disadvantaged are cited in order to indicate the value of educational media in these areas. (Author/AM)

Educators are encouraged to use some of the non-traditional student-centered methods for improving the communication skills of disadvantaged students, including technological aids such as books, tapes, cable T.V., video tapes, computers, etc., and devices such as role playing and dramatizations. (AM)

As a variable related to students' perceptions of teachers, it is recommended that educators attend to racial classroom composition to improve the classroom environment for optimal learning conditions. (Author)

Notes that the accounts of most students and inmates indicate that the acquisition of a racist mythology begins early in their childhood. (Author)

Examines the limitations of several theories of developmental psychology, most notably Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development, and concludes that developmental theory has not given adequate expression to the concerns and experience of women. Argues for an expanded view of adulthood that would result from the integration of the "feminine…