This paper argues that the re-traditionalisation of 'wishing for dragon children' creates difficulties for China's current education reforms and informs the disquiet expressed by Chinese-Australians about Australian education. We develop this argument around three key propositions. First, we explore Confucianism and the civil service examination system in ancient China to situate the expectation of 'wishing for dragon children' historically. Second, we show that processes of re-traditionalisation exercise considerable vitality in modern China. They were used by Chinese Communist authorities for political control, and they now interrupt the de-traditionalising 'Quality Education' reforms. Third, we show that the re-traditionalisation of diasporic Chinese-Australians is evident in their negotiations with Australian education around their desires for 'dragon children'. Parental 'wishing for dragon children' hinders or deflects China's education reforms and subtly affects education in Australia. How to understand, judge and act on the problems of re-traditionalisation and detraditionalisation remain significant concerns for educational research.