Suggests that teachers can be differentiated by their cognitive or affective orientations, reflected in the objectives they select and in the stimuli and questions they present in the classroom. Proposes use of aptitude-treatment interactions in order to clarify the best methods to use for personalized teacher training. (JD)

Describes a procedure, called a full Bayesian procedure, for making decisions in connection with criterion-referenced measurements. The procedure uses continuous utility functions instead of a dichotomized utility structure and combines the posterior distribution for a certain person with utility functions for "advance" and "retain" decisions…

Compares two studies on the relation between comprehension and memory: (1) how access to text affected comprehension; (2) the effect of different learning goals (memorization or comprehension) on learning. Concludes that constructive learning activities are important for later utilization of information. Suggests a model of reading, learning, and…

Using data on 1,438 Reykjavik children, this paper analyzes the influence of social origins, family characteristics, and IQ on scholastic performance in sixth, eighth, and ninth grades. Although IQ is the best single predictor of scholastic performance, both social structural and social psychological antecedents proved important. (Author/SJL)

In 1975, recent graduates of the 13 vocational programs offered in Swedish comprehensive high schools were surveyed about their current employment, its match to their school training, and their opinions about the latter. Analyses are made for the whole group and by type of vocational program. (SJL)

After different conceptualizations of behavior in terms of personal and situational variables have been outlined, Endler's arguments on situational specificity are discussed and his data found not to warrant his conclusions. It is argued that there is no antagonism between interactionism and conditioned situationism or personologism. (Author/SJL)

Using an 82-item questionnaire, this study explored such areas as energy conservation, pollution standards, specific energy types, personal use of energy, etc. Significant differences were noted between sexes in responses on certain items (need for energy conservation, potential for development of new resources), but sexes agreed on other items.…

Based on the theory that the human left brain hemisphere processes verbal-sequential data and that the right hemisphere processes visual-spatial data, this article presents a teaching strategy for stimulating both hemispheres. It also describes the study that contributed to this strategy. (DS)

Because both adults and children have claimed Newbery books are difficult, this study sought to determine minimum reading level of 20 Newbery award winners by testing reading comprehension of fifth and sixth graders on each book. Only two books exceeded fifth- and sixth-grade reading levels. Book ratings are listed. (DS)

Questionnaires querying student behavior and attitudes toward feminism were distributed to students enrolled in undergraduate education courses. Survey results indicated that even though female students were generally more sympathetic toward alternative role models for women, both sexes tended to display many of the same sex-role stereotypes.…

It is more satisfactory to use a mechanically produced prediction of candidates' student teaching grades (based on multiple selection criteria) for selection of candidates for teacher education programs than to use any other single criterion. Greater specificity of variables leads to more accurate prediction of student teaching performance. (SB)

Analysis of performance data of American Indian children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Revised) confirms prior results regarding the verbal and perceptual motor skills of that population. Because so many items did not contribute significantly to the total test variance, clinicians should interpret test results with caution.…

Cognitive interactions of science lessons can vary along many different dimensions. Although teaching practices in secondary science classes generally progress from knowledge of facts and principles to applications and problem solving, the trend is reversed in grade 12. Less practical application is evident in early secondary grades. (SB)

The Estes Reading Attitude Scale evidences good internal consistency and solid convergent validity. It is a useful global reactive assessment of school-oriented attitude toward reading in intermediate grades. (Author/SB)

Reporting a significant relationship between teacher acceptance of diverse behavior and their resistance to the biasing influence of a deviancy label, this article indicates academic performance of at least some children may be affected by the bias effect and suggests five ways to reduce the negative effects of bias. (Author/SB)