Training programs for auditory and for visual figure-ground perception were constructed and tested with brain-damaged and mentally retarded children. Training groups showed higher gain scores than the control group on both tests, but the effect was significant only for visual training on visual figure-ground perception. (Author/SJL)

A Norwegian version of the Achievement Motives Scale (AMS) was administered to Oslo sixth-graders, along with verbal, numeric, test anxiety, and lie/defensiveness tests. Results showed the relationships to academic performance predicted by achievement theory. Even when related to the personality scales, the AMS showed promising qualities.…

Problems of differentiation and uniformity of educational provisions are products of the era of emphasis on equality of educational opportunity. Three typical national solutions are dealt with in this paper: the American comprehensive model, the Western European elitist model, and the Eastern European model of a unitary school. (Author)

This article discusses the function and purpose of educational evaluation. The main standpoint is that different evaluation approaches are presented as scientific improvements but mirror mainly the objective functions of education in the society and the need within the state apparatus for a scientific legitimation of various political decisions.…

The main assumptions and categories of Kohlberg's theory are outlined. New empirical studies and critical reviews are discussed, and their implications assessed. The relevance of the theory to moral education is seen as self-evident. The conditions for the efficacy of moral education programs are discussed. (Editor/SJL)

Daily work flows of Danish elementary school teachers were examined through self-report diaries. Data are presented on percentage of time per week spent on different tasks, types and numbers of personal contacts, and location of work activities. The relative isolation of each teacher and other findings are discussed. (SJL)

This article describes a reading improvement program operating in elementary schools near Copenhagen. Students take an annual reading test. The classroom teacher and the reading specialist review class scores to identify special-needs students and to plan reading program changes. General reading progress has been improved by this method. (SJL)

Two studies utilized different conditions under which kindergarten children encountered the same narrative material and were tested for recall at 30 seconds and one week after the encounters. Children who enacted the story while hearing it significantly recalled more narrative content and implicit and explicit information. (DS)

A study of 50 schools investigated extent to which the degree of congruence in principal's and students' perceptions of the principal's role was related to the level of student conflict behavior. Results indicated high negative relationship and that a major determinant of student conflict may be perception of the school administration. (DS)

With the abolition of slavery, most West Indian planters dramatically changed their attitudes toward education for Blacks, suddenly favoring it. This paper examines reasons behind the attitudinal changes, the planters' perceptions on the role of education for Blacks, and the use of education as a mechanism for social control. (DS)

Describes a study that investigated the development of pattern recognition and pattern reversal in 20 deaf children aged six through eight and its relation to age of exposure to a gestural symbol system. (Author/DS)

Describes and illustrates games and game settings used in two observational projects dealing with game play by young children. One project presented games encouraging use of strategies; the other provided game equipment and invited the children to invent their own rules and playing procedures. (DS)

Explains problems and opportunities facing the educational historian who attempts to incorporate history of childhood and family life into the history of education offerings in faculties of education. (Author/DS)

Twenty-nine first grade monolingual English speaking children and 59 English second language children (given the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Raven Matrices in kindergarten) were tested via the Metropolitan Achievement Test to determine achievement levels of Italian children and the predictive relationship between measures of ability…

Comparing 9-12-year-old readers with college student readers, two experiments were conducted to determine how youngsters differ from adults in their ability to identify meaningful units in a written passage, how they are affected by sentences of increasing difficulty, and whether they are aided by either shorter sentences or meaningful…