NotesFAQContact Us
Collection
Advanced
Search Tips
50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is celebrating its 50th Birthday! First opened on May 15th, 1964 ERIC continues the long tradition of ongoing innovation and enhancement.

Learn more about the history of ERIC here. PDF icon

Back to results
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
ERIC Number: EJ592456
Record Type: CIJE
Publication Date: 1994
Pages: N/A
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: 0
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0002-8312
Grade Retention and Problem Behavior.
Gottfredson, Denise C.; Fink, Carolyn M.; Graham, Nanette
American Educational Research Journal, v31 n4 p761-84 Win 1994
Explores the causal nature of the association between grade repetition and later adolescent problem behaviors for 197 retained and 204 promoted African-American sixth and seventh graders in two urban middle schools. Regression analyses imply that retention reduced rebellious behavior in school and increased attachment to school. (SLD)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Attachment Behavior, Behavior Problems, Black Students, Grade Repetition, Middle School Students, Middle Schools, Regression (Statistics), Student Attitudes, Urban Schools, Urban Youth
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers: N/A