This article reviews the best evidence concerning the cognitive and noncognitive effects of multigrade (students of more than one grade taught by one teacher) and multiage (students grouped for expected benefits) classrooms. Studies of noncognitive, cognitive, and achievement effects reveal no adverse effects of learning in such classrooms. (SLD)

As part of an argument for social and textual views of literacy, this review summarizes some of the accomplishments and shortcomings of constructivist accounts of reading and writing activity. A rhetorical perspective calls attention to the way language use crystallizes relations between readers and writers. (SLD)

Why percent is such a difficult mathematical concept to learn was explored in this review. The privileged language of percent has lost explicit references, has misleading additive terminology for multiplicative meanings, and has multiple uses for the preposition "of." Implications for teaching percent more effectively are discussed. (SLD)

While a review by S. Graham (1994) found no differences between blacks and whites on measures of need for achievement, this meta-analysis article found reliable and complex race differences. Overall, whites scored higher on measures of need for achievement, although differences nearly disappeared in studies after 1970. Possible explanations are…

S. Graham comments on taking a meta-analytic approach to reviewing race differences in need for achievement, discussing limitations of the methodology. A rejoinder by H. Cooper and N. Dorr supports the utility of meta-analysis in such studies and discusses disadvantages to narrative review. (SLD)

This review is devoted to major efforts by professional societies, institutions of higher learning, and national committees to influence science and mathematics curriculums. The chapters include: (1) Science in Elementary Grades (history of elementary science, elementary science curriculum, children's learnings in science, and teaching aids); (2)…

This issue of the "Review of Educational Research" attempts to cover the larger issues and to organize around some of the problem lines of instructional materials in educational media and technology. In its four chapters, each with a different author, the research review encompasses five broad areas: the design and selection of media, utilization…

Based on a national survey of summer enrichment programs, this circular contains descriptions of 81 unique enrichment programs offered by a cross-sample of 60 school districts during the summer of 1967. The following information is included for each program: Subject matter, ability level, grade level, enrollment, number of teachers, use of teacher…

This document contains the results of a national survey designed to determine the composition and location of permanent citizens advisory committees operating within the nation's school districts. The 52 district-wide, continuing citizens advisory bodies identified by 290 responding school systems are listed alphabetically by State. The following…

This circular reports the results of a national survey designed to determine the extent to which duty-free lunch periods are provided for elementary teachers in all of the 503 school systems enrolling more than 12,000 students. The noon-hour procedures used by the 437 responding school systems are reported by enrollment stratum and by geographical…

This survey sought information regarding the policies of school districts across the nation on entrance requirements to kindergarten and the first grade. The school systems were classified under four strata according to total enrollment size. The most frequently reported minimum entrance age for kindergarten was 5 years of age by December 1. For…

Extended leave of absence policies for classroom teachers in 129 school systems with enrollments of 25,000 or more are reported for 1965-66 in this national survey. A table lists, in order of descending frequency, the following purposes for which leaves are granted: (1) Military service, (2) professional study, (3) maternity, (4) exchange teaching…

Maternity leave provisions for classroom teachers in 129 school systems having enrollments of 25,000 or more are reported for 1965-66 in this national survey. Tables contain information on compulsory absence prior to anticipated date of birth and earliest permissible return from maternity leaves. Brief descriptions of maternity leave practices are…

Short term leave of absence policies for classroom teachers in 129 school districts with enrollments of 25,000 or more are reported for 1965-66 in this national survey. A summary table lists in order of descending frequency the various purposes for which short leaves of absence are given. Representative samples of school district policies and…

This is an evaluation of research on educational exchange, with emphasis on studies of foreign students in the United States. There are sections devoted to sources of research information, behavioral research, significant studies, and appropriate methodologies. Some suggestions are made for future research directions. A brief bibliography is…