To explore philosophical predilections, the Principles of Adult Learning Scale (PALS), Educational Orientation Questionnaire, and Philosophy of Adult Education Inventory were administered to 111 adult education graduate students. The overall population was progressive on the PALS and scored close to reported means on the other tests. (SLD)

Results from a study with 41 Hawaiian elementary school principals indicate that, although there is no significant difference in visionary leadership scores of principals from varying levels of school climate when covaried with psychological characteristics, there is a significant main effect for "capacity of status" on visionary leadership…

A follow-up in-depth study of 100 seventh graders who had been previously identified as at risk (39% of whom were identified as eligible for special education) found that, although at-risk students received more intervention strategies than their counterparts, they were still being retained in grade and failing to a greater degree. (SLD)

A study of 53 women in leadership positions in business and 160 women in higher education indicates that they acknowledge functions of conflict as they relate to organizational performance. Those in the for-profit sector were more positive in their views of conflict functions. (SLD)

Interrelationships among 4 attitudes as aspects of modernity were studied for 122 male and 128 female adolescents in the People's Republic of China. There was strong interdependence among achievement motivation, future planning, and time management for both genders, but autonomy emerged as a separate dimension. (SLD)

Data from the 1988 National Education Longitudinal Study were analyzed to identify variables related to five types of student behavior: misbehavior, violent behavior, substance abuse, preparedness for class, and classroom behavior. Results indicated that variables not under school control and certain school practices and policies significantly…

This study investigated return-to-task rates on hard and easy tasks that secondary students projected for scenario characters and for themselves. Data revealed significantly greater rates of return to easy tasks. Girls had significantly higher return-to-task rates. Evidence of self-presentation bias was present. (SM)

Describes the development of the Primary Teacher Questionnaire (PTQ), a self-report beliefs scale. The three phases described are item development, initial testing and scale refinement, and field testing. Data analysis indicated that the PTQ provides a feasible way of assessing teachers' beliefs about appropriate primary level instruction. (SM)

Black high school seniors and white high school seniors were surveyed regarding the influence of school counseling, parental agreement with educational goals, and curriculum choice on college aspirations. Black students used counseling more frequently. Though the races differed significantly in high school programs, there were no significant…

A classroom procedure included error imitation and correction and repeated practice to mastery within regular third-grade spelling instruction. Pretesting and posttesting compared corrected-test procedures with standard practice and practice with fewer words. Significantly higher test scores and teacher ratings documented the effectiveness of the…

This study examined whether computer-assisted instruction (CAI), compared to conventional instruction, would improve the teaching of grammar and writing to college students studying developmental communication. A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest evaluation indicated students receiving CAI enjoyed a substantial advantage in the presence of a…

This study investigated relationships between student practice and achievement in physical education for subgroups of students based on initial skill level and gender. Students were pretested, received instruction, then posttested on certain volleyball skills. Researchers viewed and coded videotapes. Subgroup analyses provided greater information…

This study examined retention in grades K-8 using data from the 1988 National Education Longitudinal Study. Male, minority, and lower socioeconomic status (SES) students were more likely to be retained. Retention related to less optimal academic and personal-social outcomes, particularly for female, white, and higher SES students. (SM)

This study used the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory and skill and attitude measures to investigate associations between student outcomes and classroom environment for high school chemistry students. The nature of the classroom environment accounted for appreciable proportions of variance in both cognitive and affective outcomes beyond…

A survey of public and Catholic school teachers investigated the relationship between organizational value orientation and two variables--organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Private schools had more normative and public schools more utilitarian orientations. Schools with more normative orientations showed significantly higher job…