Estimates of time spent in and time needed for learning were obtained for 118 third-graders on specific tasks. Maximizing time spent resulted in significantly higher 1-day retention scores for 63 students spending less time than needed but did not affect retention for 55 students spending more time than needed to learn tasks. (SLD)

Two studies using simulated supervisory conferences were designed to determine whether teachers and supervisors discriminate among types of direct supervisory communication: (1) information only; (2) information with suggestions; and (3) information with directives. Results with 30 teachers and 133 supervisors are discussed in terms of…

The roles of cognitive, perceptual, visual-motor, behavioral, achievement, and demographic factors in nonpromotion at kindergarten were examined for 34 nonpromoted and 34 promoted kindergarten children. Retained children were more likely to be young, male, and of lower socioeconomic status. Implications for interventions to assist retained…

Path analysis examined effects of tutor-tutee ethnic similarity (ES), tutor expertise, and perceived goal attainment (PGA) on the satisfaction of 425 college student tutors of disadvantaged elementary school students. The major influence on satisfaction was tutors' PGA; ES had an indirect impact and expertise had direct and indirect effects. (SLD)

In a simulation study, 12 teachers submitted performance dossiers which were judged by 26 human experts and by a computer expert system. Both the judges and the expert system made promotion decisions and ranked the dossiers by quality.The expert system showed high levels of agreement with the human judges. (IAH)

This study (N=75) examined the effects of student ability, locus of control, and type of instructional control on performance and the motivational outcome of confidence. Results indicated that student ability and locus of control significantly influenced both performance and confidence, whereas type of instructional control did not affect…

Findings from a study which compared methods for improving students' (N=20) reading fluency indicate: (1) both repeated readings and listening-while-reading treatments were effective in improving reading fluency and, (2) neither treatment was superior to the other in improving reading fluency. (IAH)

Findings from a 5-year follow-up study of 78 kindergartners suggest that while the Revised Denver Developmental Screening Test (RDDST) accurately predicts academic achievement and standardized test performance, it consistently misclassifies as normal the performance of a significant number of children who require special help in their early…

Results of this study indicate that the cognitive behavior modification technique of self-instruction is effective and appropriate as a means of improving the basal reading academic task performance of first-grade children (N=57) in a school setting. (IAH)

Results of a study indicated that poor readers did not differ from good readers in starting to work on assignments, having necessary materials, or engaging in disruptive behavior. However, poor readers were off task more and volunteered less than good readers. (IAH)

Teachers with strict standards more frequently refer students with low levels of aggression to special education than do teachers with lax standards. The opposite is true for students with high levels of aggressive behavior. Teacher gender also correlates with decisions on special education referrals. (IAH)

The linguistic performance of four Hispanic bilingual fifth- and sixth-grade students perceived to have limited language abilities in English and Spanish was studied. Results indicate that the organization of instruction limited students' abilities to show their competence and that teachers interpreted this as a lack of conceptual ability. (SLD)

Planning, teaching, and post-lesson reflections of three student teachers of mathematics were compared with those of three cooperating teachers with whom the student teachers were placed. Differences were accounted for by the assumption that novices' cognitive schemata and pedagogical reasoning skills were less well-developed than those of expert…

Twenty first-grade teachers' use of knowledge from research about mathematical thinking of children was compared with that of 20 teachers who did not participate in an analysis of research. Implications for teacher education and practice are discussed. (SLD)

Sixty-six elementary school students were interviewed about substantive and conventional aspects of academic knowledge. Even first graders distinguished intellectual conventions from the substance of the disciplines and construed the conventions as arbitrary social practices to foster communication. (SLD)