Sex differences in variability in the national norms of the Differential Aptitude Tests, Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test/Scholastic Aptitude Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, and California Achievement Tests were examined. Compared to females, males were consistently more variable in quantitative reasoning, spatial visualization,…

The hypothesis of greater male variability in test results is discussed in its historical context, and reasons feminists have objected to the hypothesis are considered. The hypothesis acquires political importance if it is considered that variability results from biological, rather than cultural, differences. (SLD)

The author's previous article was intended to demonstrate that research on intellective sex differences (SDs) was incomplete because of a general preoccupation with SDs in means. SDs in central tendency and SDs in variability must be considered together to comprehend differences between male and female distributions in abilities. (SLD)

An analysis of evidence from several reviews of research on the benefits of involving parents in early intervention programs shows no convincing evidence that involvement of parents in previous early intervention research studies results in more effective outcomes. Suggestions are made for future research and practice. (SLD)

Researchers taught unidimensional classification, unidimensional seriation, and number conversion to kindergartners lagging in cognitive development. The instruction resulted in significant gains on their achievement test scores. The gains seemed to result from mastery of key cognitive operations at a stage shift in cognitive development by…

Fourth and fifth graders (n=38) were trained in four thinking roles (task definer, strategist, monitor, and challenger) through small-group discussions to determine whether they retained and transferred their self-directed critical thinking skills. They applied the thinking roles effectively in comparison to untrained children up to eight weeks…

Study investigated antecedents of achievement attributions and achievement values in ninth and twelfth graders who named an achievement important to them as a basis for eliciting success attributions and values. As expected, results indicated that students were more motivated to achieve in some contexts than in others. (SM)

Secondary social studies teachers were surveyed concerning the degree to which they integrated microcomputers into instruction, the extent of integration, and incentives or barriers. One-third indicated they used microcomputers in class, but frequency of use was low. Nonusers reported lack of experience and training as primary reasons for nonuse.…

Study determined whether student teachers' self-talk differentially related to personality characteristics of locus of control and self-esteem. Subjects (n=69) recorded self-talk and completed personality assessments. They mainly engaged in negative, child-oriented, external self-talk. Those with high self-esteem and internal locus of control used…

Disabled and nondisabled fifth graders completed a standardized achievement test under timed and untimed conditions to examine the effect of speededness on test performance. Results indicated no difference in test speededness for the two groups nor showed that the groups were differentially affected when the amount of speededness was reduced. (SM)

Self-monitoring refers to the personal supervision of one's own practice. It is argued that self-monitoring is an essential aspect of professionalism. Vignettes of physicians and teachers illustrate the central issues of self-monitoring and demonstrate the continuum of self-monitoring activities in practicing either profession. (SLD)

A framework is presented to characterize literature on teacher empowerment, recognizing two important dimensions: the personal or outward context of the process (conversations with self versus conversations with settings); and the focus or agenda. The framework can illuminate the dynamics of collaborative work with teachers. (SLD)

Calls for education improvement are often predicated on a decline in U.S. education. Past U.S. high school students' knowledge is examined through U.S. history test data from 1915 to 1925 and national achievement test data for 1932 to 1965. Evidence does not support a decline in student knowledge. (SLD)

The extent of developmentally appropriate practices was studied in 103 kindergarten classrooms across North Carolina. Ninety-three teachers and 93 principals were also surveyed to determine predictors of classroom quality. Only 20 percent of the classes met criteria for developmental appropriateness, and quality was predictable from teacher and…

Teacher knowledge is examined as a joint construction of teachers and researchers by analyzing contrasting narrative practices in the research interview in terms of how two teachers formulate versions of self. Seeing the narratives as representational technologies locates these teachers differently in the knowledge-constitutive networks of…