Findings from a study of 504 second grade students indicate that phonics knowledge has a causal impact on both reading comprehension and vocabulary gains; reading comprehension has a causal effect on vocabulary gains. (Author/IAH)

Findings from a longitudinal study which examined the stability of reading attitude from early childhood to the middle-adult years suggest that reading attitude is a stable construct over time, although early childhood measures of reading attitude are poor predictors of adult attitude. Young adult measures are the best predictors. (IAH)

Results from a study to determine whether the effects of repeated readings are comparable for learning-disabled (LD) and nondisabled readers (N=50) indicate that, regardless of classification (LD or nondisabled) or level of functioning (instructional- or mastery-level), repeated readings produced more fluent reading and greater recall. (IAH)

Findings from a study which examined the relationship between study time and test scores indicate that time spent organizing had a stronger relationship with course test scores than did total study time or time spent reading and reviewing. Subjects were 113 undergraduates who kept daily self-monitoring logs of study activities. (IAH)

Findings from a study of 111 high school biology students indicate that students who received instruction combining a pictorial analogy comparing the cell to a factory and an analogical study guide displayed significantly better comprehension of this material than did their peers, whose instruction did not include the pictorial representation.…

The relationship between education policy and the workplace is explored in its historical context. Vocational education is examined as instrumental action and as symbolic action linked to the rise of professionalism and the modern industrial system. (SLD)

Bringing the practice of knowing mathematics in school closer to knowing mathematics within the discipline was studied with 18 fifth graders. Student activities in asserting and examining hypotheses were contrasted with conventional school mathematics activities. (SLD)

Item responses of 2,380 mathematically talented junior high school students (1,437 males and 943 females) were studied to determine gender differences, using the mathematical sections of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT-M). Girls excelled on miscellaneous items and data sufficiency items but performed less well on algebra items than boys. (SLD)

Teachers' (n=78) and students' (n=2,347) perceptions of actual and preferred classroom environments were compared in 78 sixth grade classes in 43 schools in Israel. The Classroom Environment Scale was administered to all of the subjects. Teachers and students agreed more about the ideal than the real classroom. (SLD)

Use of Sentence Verification Technique (SVT) reading comprehension tests as general and specific predictors of learning performance in college courses was studied in experiments with 119 and 138 students attending Westfield State College (Massachusetts). Results suggest that appropriate SVT tests can predict general performance and performance in…

Analysis of patterns in time (APT) is presented as a method for gathering information about observable phenomena so that probabilities of temporal patterns of events can be estimated empirically. APT is illustrated through a classroom study of 25 mentally handicapped students and in a study of 2 computer-based tests. (SLD)

The oral reading behavior of 15 English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) proficient Iranian readers was psycholinguistically analyzed. Results show that cultural schemata affected the reading comprehension and strategies of EFL-proficient readers reading expository texts. (SLD)

Research on classroom questioning by teachers is reviewed from a sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on context, content, and responses and reactions by speakers. It is argued that research on questioning has generally failed to recognize that classroom questions represent mutual constructions of teachers and students, rather than solely teacher…

Theoretical and research literature on learning from books, television, computers, and multimedia environments is examined. The media are distinguished by cognitively relevant characteristics of their technologies, symbol systems, and processing capabilities. The relative cognitive effects of learning with different media--particularly those…

Ethnic surnames were studied as a possible basis for stereotyped perceptions/expectations of 349 future teachers from the west and midwest. Subjects evaluated an excerpt from a book on multicultural education. Statistically significant differences were found for Asian and Hispanic surnames for subjects from the west but not from the midwest. (SLD)