The citation rate of scientific papers in journal literature has been related to the quality and scholarly stature of scientists and organizations. Most of the variability in the citation frequency has been explained by five structural journal characteristics. Their relative importance and relationship to qualitative considerations were discussed.…

Effects of cooperative and individualistic instruction on interpersonal attraction between handicapped and nonhandicapped students were compared. Results indicated cooperative learning experiences promote more cross-handicapped interaction during instruction, more cross-handicap friendships, and more cross-handicap interaction during…

Findings from two experiments showed that students can effectively manage their learning needs in a computer-assisted instructional (CAI) system when provided continuous, updated advisement information about their achievement (diagnosis) and instructional needs (prescription) in relation to the objective. (Author/DWH)

The extent to which teachers controlled the learning environment was negatively associated with motivation. Significant positive interactions were found between science achievement level and utility of science content and classes for early adolescents. For older adolescents, significant interaction was found between achievement and class morale.…

Two teachers taught a unit to two classes of students. High- and low-ability students did better in the small group approach, while medium ability students did better in the large group. Analyses of group processes indicated students benefited from peer tutoring processes which occurred in small groups. (Author/DWH)

Possible distortions in standardized test scores due to guessing, particularly in inner-city situations, are examined. A procedure is presented for estimating true knowledge levels from test scores. Results show scores are overstatements of subject mastery which means many programs are being planned and evaluated using inaccurate data. (Author/DWH)

The design and evaluation of a model videotape used in an instructional improvement program for teaching assistants was studied. Results indicated modeling produced a significant effect on the acquisition of behaviors. Observers need not perceive the topic as interesting or relevant for a videotape to be effective. (Author/DWH)

Shift-share analysis is used to assess the extent to which women have moved into male-dominated fields between 1966 and 1976. The net increase of women in traditional male areas was greater than the increase in either sex neutral or traditional female areas. (Author/DWH)

More cross-racial interaction was found among boys because they participate in more team sports. Cooperative games have a strong potential for facilitating social acceptance among desegregated elementary school girls. Observations of cross-racial prosocial and antagonistic interactions revealed the practical value of games for increasing…

Two variables related to decision making and goal persistence, self-concept and locus of control are examined. Factor analysis and reliability data for these scales are discussed, and the use of short instruments within the context of a larger survey to examine such educational variables is explained. (Author/AL)

The importance of theory and experimental findings in giving direction, structure, and comprehensibility to research about self-concept is discussed. Analysis of the necessary affective variables to be included in the systematic experimentally-based development of effective educational programs in the affective domain is emphasized. (Author/AL)

Determinants of loss of public faith in education are investigated. Data from a national public opinion survey are used to examine one possible explanation. Results suggest that income can have an effect independent of educational attainment; that is, higher income persons tend to be less confident in the schools. (Author/AL)

Whether a college course for teachers and teacher trainees could affect attitudes in creative problem solving was determined. Results showed that students enrolled in the creative emphasis course did have definite attitude changes in favor of creativity. There were no statistically significant changes found for the control group. (Author/AL)

A definition of the construct of teacher sense of efficacy is proposed, a model relating it to other variables is provided. Also presented is a review of literature not only on teacher sense of efficacy but on other constructs which afford indirect insight into the phenomenon of teacher sense of efficacy. (Author/AL)

Multicultural and non-sexist education are important elements of a culturally pluralistic American society and American school curriculum. A study of whether multicultural and non-sexist instruction can positively modify the knowledge, attitudes and personal values of student teachers toward disadvantaged children is presented. (Author/AL)