This study investigated the changing achievement relationships among Black and White students based on ages at entry into first grade. The data indicated that, for both groups, the significantly higher achievement of the oldest students at age 9 disappeared by age 17. (Author/BW)

A longitudinal file was used to compute 61 indicators of college viability. Particular colleges identified as being in distress were used to validate the indicators. The validated indicators for each type of college were then used to construct a summary index of viability. (Author/BW)

Two studies were conducted. In the first, elementary students learned 10-unit sequences of typical material under mastery learning conditions. The second was a post hoc longitudinal evaluation of students who learned arithmetic in a mastery procedure from grades one-four. In contrast to mastery claims, student time differences did not decrease.…

Differences in discourse type were expected to result in differences in processing text. The more organized discourse types of comparison, problem/solution, and causation were predicted to yield superior recall of information than a collection of descriptions about a topic. Results from two studies supported this prediction. (Author/BW)

Using an analytically organized list of critical attributes and their relationships resulted in better performance than using best examples in classifying examples, but the former required a longer time to complete the instruction booklet. Presentation of best examples facilitated prototype formation in memory and resulted in a higher degree of…

This study describes the results of a three-year evaluative investigation of a project designed to enhance teacher use of cooperative goal structuring strategies with resultant changes in the classroom learning environment and achievement gains in reading and language arts. (Authur/BW)

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS), this study shows that almost half the NLS respondents teaching in 1979 did not report teaching plans in high school, whereas three-fourths of those planning to teach were not teaching in 1979. (Author/BW)

Mathematics achievement differences among sixth-graders were analyzed in a four-wave design and explained by aptitude and instructional variables in a structural equation framework. The results demonstrate the local nature of achievement models in that neither their measurement nor structural components proved generalizable across two groups of…

Data from the 1977 Survey of the American Professoriate were used to examine the relationship among institutional origin, productivity, and institutional rewards. When an adjustment was made for time allocation, inbred faculty were found to be more productive but are paid significantly less than noninbred faculty. (Author/BW)

This developmental study was designed to examine the effects of field dependence-independence and level of operational development on the reading achievement of sixth, seventh, and eighth graders. Field dependence-independence had no significant effect on reading achievement, but high-operational students scored significantly higher than…

A study investigating test performance outcomes for college students using underlining as a study strategy found that, regardless of study time and reading achievement, underlining was popular because it helped to ensure recall of information from underlined text segments. (Author/CB)

A study of 45 classroom teachers revealed that the teachers used students' individual psychological test performance in identifying the learning-disabled and the non-learning-disabled child. The achievement level of the school did not influence the teachers' decisions to identify a child as handicapped. (Author/CB)

When interpersonal problem-solving (IPS) ability, assertiveness, and self-esteem were assessed for 241 fourth- through sixth-graders and related to competence with peers, teachers, and academic subjects, assertiveness was a distinct factor with overlap between IPS and self-esteem. Positive correlations were found between each factor and grade…

Three studies conducted to examine individual differences among 6- and 7-year-olds in the extent of use of alternative cognitive processes for word reading supported the expectation that boys tended to rely more than girls of the same reading level on access to phonological segments of words. (Author/CB)

Examination of relationships between manner of utilization of human and material resources and secondary school students' achievement in and attitude toward science found that frequency of use of laboratory resources had highest positive correlation with achievement, followed by quality of use of laboratory resources. Quality of use of laboratory…