A random survey to determine the dependence of adult outcomes on connections, certification, and verbal competence revealed that selected variables influenced outcomes, but a substantial amount of variance remained unexplained. Such variables as parent socioeconomic status, education, and vocabulary test scores were related to such characteristics…

Students enrolled in EXTRA, a tutorial program in basic reading and mathematics skills, were compared with non-EXTRA students to measure the program's success. EXTRA achieved success in mathematics tutorials but not in its reading program. Implications of findings are reviewed. (Author/DF)

Effects of two procedures for increasing students' ability to draw inferences when reading were studied and are presented in this article. Results support the use of strategy and question procedures for teaching inference skills to disabled readers. (Author/DF)

A National Assessment of Educational Progress study was conducted on students to assess the dependence of high school mathematics learning on the amount and level of course work as well as other productive factors. Achievement appears to depend on number and level of courses, traditional teaching methods, home environment, and ethnicity.…

This article presents an analysis of errors found in writing samples produced by Black children in urban schools. Errors influenced by Black-English oral usage, hypercorrections, and morphologic errors influenced by Black-English speech patterns are focused upon. (Author/DF)

Australian elementary school teachers were surveyed to ascertain knowledge about use of social studies curriculum material. Case studies and representative interviews were used to formulate a questionnaire, the results of which indicated that teachers were not actively involved in material selection and analysis. (Author/DF)

A study to investigate attitudes of elementary and secondary school teachers towards testing observed teachers' knowledge, information desired, student acceptance, external constraints, nature and quality of test information, and evaluative uses. Results show that teachers use tests often, have limited testing expertise, and are concerned about…

Pupils from both scular and religious public schools were compared with regard to cognitive morality and actual moral behavior. Results show low correlation among various measures of moral cognition and moral behavior. Religious subjects exhibited higher levels of moral reasoning, but resisted temptation less on a test of actual cheating behavior.…

A review of the essentials of ability formation theory is followed by a review of recent research relevant to the question of how students develop conceptions of their abilities. The ways in which ability formation theory may be refined on the basis of recent findings regarding classroom process are discussed. (PN)

This review is an attempt to assess both mastery learning proponents' and mastery learning critics' claims in the context of learning time differences. The discussion is situated within the historic debates about stable versus alterable differences and the author's contention of an equilibrium reached by current leveling practices. (Author)

This paper demonstrates the variety of positive-skew phenomena and discusses their theoretical, research, and practical implications in education. (PN)

The following variables concerning school-leaving among language minority youth are discussed: background factors, academic achievement, school characteristics, school performance, and school experiences. A combination of socioeconomic disadvantage and early academic failure appear to contribute to the higher dropout rate of language minority…

The skills in the interpretation of fiction proposed in this paper are defined by seven item types. Four question sets, based on four different texts, were administered to between 77 and 127 students each. The results confirm experimentally the hierarchical and taxonomic nature of the item types. (Author/BW)

Two experiments (one using models and diagrams, one using slides) were carried out to investigate how remedial instruction may be given to students who have difficulties in visualizing the diagrammatic representation of a three-dimensional structure after the structure has been rotated. (Author/BW)

In a comprehensive review of the literature containing comparisons between boys and girls on motivation and/or achievement in science, findings were transformed into a common metric and analyzed. It was found that sex differences in both motivation and achievement are smaller than is generally assumed, but they do occur. (Author/BW)