The two-way migration phenomenon of Puerto Ricans is examined, focusing on how Puerto Rican schools deal with children returning from the mainland with varying degrees of English and having become acculturated to some mainland behaviors. (BS)

In an effort to explore some of the problems involved in the teaching of English in Puerto Rico, a Language Attitude Questionnaire was administered to 184 students to examine their attitudes concerning teachers, teaching methods and materials, importance of learning English or any second language, and ability to use English. (BS)

The consequences of contact between Western culture and Australian Aborigines, New Zealand Maoris, and North American Indians are chronicled. The historical manifestations of cultural confrontation--the interaction between technological, aggressive Anglo society and societies without the value orientation or technology to withstand the onslaught…

The implications of the new Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms for developing second language programs in Edmonton, Alberta, are explored. Immersion programs and ethnic survival programs are examined in depth. (BS)

Reading achievement and attitude scores of a National Assessment of Educational Progress sample of 9-year-old students were multiply regressed on one another on home environment variables. Correlations and partial correlations of achievement with home environment, quality of instruction, and leisure time television watching were found. (Author/DF)

An analysis of errors found in writing samples by elementary school Mexican-Americans is presented. This study focused on errors that may be caused by speech patterns and language usage. Results are discussed. (Author/DF)

Printing and writing skills and their interaction were studied to discover if teachers should not teach cursive writing to students with poor printing skills. Writing samples were analyzed using a diagnostic inventory that focused on major elements of form and neatness. Results are discussed. (Author/DF)

High school teachers were surveyed to identify sources of stress and dissatisfaction that may induce teachers to leave teaching. Data on perceived role, school climate, coping resources, and specific work problems were canonically correlated to create a construct of teacher stress. Results are discussed. (Author/DF)

The relationship of scholastic aptitude and achievement to performance on the Oklahoma Curriculum Proficiency Examination was investigated. Results indicate a need for further study of the validity of competency tests. (Author/DF)

Data were gathered in six states from personnel in state departments of public instruction, institutions of higher education with educational administration preparation programs, and a stratified random sample of eight school districts in each of the six states to determine if a disproportionate supply/demand ratio existed among school…

This study examines the effect of grading standards on student ratings of instruction. After a grading treatment, the ratings of students in the experimental group changed to reflect more negative perceptions of instruction. These shifts were statistically significant in seven of the ten rating items. (Author/PN)

Based on an analysis of teacher clarity as a process-product variable, suggestions are made to enhance the concept of clarity as a factor in classroom learning. Clarity is referenced to learning theories and other theories accounting for student learning as a way to understand more fully the role of clarity in effective teaching. (Author/PN)

The relationships of spelling achievement to rote learning, rule learning, and self-evaluated spelling ability were investigated. A questionnaire, a structure task which produced a measure of rote learning and rule learning, and the Wide Range Achievement Test (Spelling) were administered to 50 college students. (Author/PN)

Complex multiple choice (CMC) items are frequently used to test knowledge about repetitive information. In two independent comparisons, performance on the CMC items surpassed that of the multiple true-false clusters. Data indicate that performance on CMC items is inflated, and distractors on CMC items fail to prevent guessing. (Author/PN)

Measuring change when true experimental conditions do not exist is a difficult process. This article reviews the artifacts of change measurement in evaluations and quasi-experimental designs, delineates considerations in choosing a model to measure change under nonideal conditions, and suggests ways to organize models to facilitate selection.…