A model describing three context variables hypothesized to affect measures of teacher effectiveness is presented. The variables are (1) student performance outcome; (2) student ability level; and (3) scope of teacher influence. This study investigated the relevance of scope of influence with individual students and with a group. Results are…

This looks at studied the effects of cognitive and behavioral orienting activities and practice on learning of cued and uncued information by 54 ninth-grade students. Variables are orienting activity, student ability, content cueing, and practice. Results are presented. (Author/MT)

High school students were observed to investigate time-on-task and learning gains. Classroom observation and learning gain measurement showed that a lecture/discussion instructional technique led to the highest student achievement. Use of seatwork caused the least amount of achievement. (DF)

Graphic organizer research was surveyed in a quantitative and qualitative meta-analysis. Effect size was used to quantify outcomes from several graphic organizer studies. Results are discussed. (DF)

Attention disorders and learning disabilities were investigated through time sampling in 16 classrooms for the educationally handicapped. When attending behavior was compared with discrepancy between obtained and expected achievement, a relationship confirming the importance of attention in the development of learning disorders was discovered.…

Learning potential hypothesis and its applicability to hearing and deaf low-achieving students was examined in this article. Results indicate that learning potential procedures can be used effectively with the deaf. Implications for theory and future research are discussed. (Author/DF)

The effects of performance-contingent rewards and proximal goals on children's task motivation, self-efficacy, and skillful performance were compared in a study of elementary school students. Results indicated that combining rewards with goals resulted in the highest self-efficacy and skill performance. (Author/DF)

The effectiveness of three methods of teaching social studies concepts is examined in this article. Sixth grade students were assigned to a group focusing on either reading-recitation, presentation of examples and non-examples only, or a group based on Merrill and Tennyson's model. Results are presented. (Author/DF)

Engaged time and its relation to teacher-led versus seatwork activities was investigated through observations of fourth-grade students learning mathematics concepts. Results indicate that the amount of sustained time in a single instructional activity was most closely related to student achievement. (Author/DF)

Hearing impaired students and on-task classroom time were examined in a study of hearing impaired classrooms. Characteristics of the effective teacher of the hearing impaired included: avoidance of excessive reprimands, maintenance of sufficient contact time for comprehension, and periodical monitoring of comprehension. (Author/DF)

A study was conducted to compare relative effects of an every day, half-day, and an all-day, alternate day, kindergarten schedule on academic achievement, classroom social behavior, and attendance. Results and implications for kindergarten programming are discussed. (Author/DF)

Studies from different countries on perceived problems of beginning teachers are reviewed. Issues discussed include: reality shock; behavior and attitude change; situational and individual differences; principals' views; job satisfaction; teacher education; and inservice support. Three frameworks of teacher development are presented which provide…

Three major views of intelligence are compared and evaluated: the psychometric, the Piagetian, and the information-processing. The educational implications of each view for training content knowledge and intellectual skills are considered. How each view would approach training students in solving verbal analogies is discussed. (Author/BS)

Data from 44 studies were mathematically integrated to determine the effect of grade-level retention on elementary and/or junior high school pupils. Grand means and effect sizes of dependent variable measures, including academic achievement and personal adjustment, were calculated. Outcomes for promoted pupils were more positive than for retained…

This paper reviews the impact high-inference measures had on studying classroom climates in research from the late 20s through early 60s. Several high-inference measures developed in the last 30 years are discussed. Pertinent classroom climate literature, incorporating specific high-inference measures, is also reviewed. (Author/BS)