After controlling for socioeconomic status and ability, social sex roles and processes of identifying with them were compared to gender-related achievements and aspirations of 3,154 Israeli students from two ethnic groups. Findings indicate that as girls mature, their rates of achievement and progress decrease, while those of boys increase. (TJH)

Self-concept measures and state certificate program achievement grades were used to determine the effects on 7th through 11th graders in Sydney (Australia) of converting two single-sex high schools to coeducational institutions. Pre- to post-transition data were collected from 1982 to 1985. Coeducational organizations benefit self-concept, while…

Effects of instructional level, teacher's knowledge of children's ability, amount of teacher-initiated activity, and age on language ability were investigated. The subjects were 597 three- to six-and-a-half- year old Head Start children--40 percent White, 38 percent Black, and 20 percent Hispanic. All variables assessed had a direct effect on…

A study of 114 sixth graders assessed the effects of a learner-control strategy involving choice of elaborative materials in a computer-based tutorial. Results of the study, which incorporated a task-persistence variable, indicate that persistence was related to performance and that learner control enhanced persistent subjects' performance. (TJH)

The organization of the most effective seatwork for fifth grade mathematics instruction was characterized by: (1) sufficient preparation; (2) efficient management; and (3) high intensity of active supervision that corrected and supported students in a discrete manner. (JD)

Two experiments examined the relative effects of concrete and abstract advance organizers on students' memory for subsequent prose. Results of the experiments are discussed in terms of the memorability, familiarity, and visualizability of concrete and abstract verbal materials. (JD)

Young children's spelling errors are not haphazard but systematic and follow a developmental sequence as the children master the consistent use of correct spelling. This study examined the development in spelling stage and correctness of 14 inner-city elementary school children. (JD)

The effects of training on the interpersonal skills of supervisors during interviews with teachers were studied. Focus was on skills in listening to teachers and collaborating with them in planning for instructional improvement. Findings raise questions about what is being defined by supervisors as instructional supervision in the schools. (JD)

Findings of this study suggest that the sexually abused label on a child may lead teachers to demand and expect less academically, even in situations where a child is capable of more. Recommendations for teachers are discussed. (JD)

This study compared the learning and retention of the "scarcity" and "opportunity cost" concepts by students in grades one, three, and six. Results suggest a need for empirical research on factors affecting the retention of economic concepts by students in the early primary grades. (JD)

This study of teacher burnout focused on both individual and environmental factors believed to be implicated. Results suggest that individual variables of internal rewards and teaching efficacy and environmental characteristics, such as organizational rigidity and support from principal and peers, were strongly implicated in teacher burnout. (JD)

Findings of this study (n=2,500) revealed that student attitudes toward academic coursework were highly positive regardless of school quality, but to a large extent were significantly more positive in schools of lesser quality. The paths that lead to student attitudes also were different in schools of unlike quality. (JD)

Administrative roles are perceived as only moderately stressful. Some gender differences in stress patterns are identified along with lesser differences in the administrative roles studied. Physical activity is common and may be related to lower-than-anticipated levels of stress. (JD)

Findings are presented from a survey of 108 children, grades 1-2. The survey elicited children's perceptions concerning the general purposes of writing, personal preferences about writing activities, and self-concepts in relation to writing. Findings suggest that children's attitudes are an important dimension in understanding their writing…

Results of two experiments involving kindergarten and first grade students indicate that oral blending of dictated sounds into consonant-vowel-consonant words was markedly and significantly better when no pauses intervened between sounds than when pauses of one or three seconds intervened. Interactions between pause interval and word familiarity…