The effects of problem structure on two-step word problems are analyzed in a sample of 91 fifth through eighth graders. Results showed that sequencing the first and second steps did not cause as much trouble as understanding the first step. (RB)

The validities of four self-report measures for evaluating interventions were compared to a criterion of total course points in five university classes. All four methods correlated with the criterion. (RB)

Study investigated the effects of assertion training on 36 female college students. The experimental group showed an increase in assertiveness, internal locus of control, and self-concept, as well as a reduction in anxiety. (RB)

Guilford has argued that factor analysis is not adequate for demonstrating meaningful higher-order factors in his structure of Intellect (SOI) model. Study investigates the validity of this claim. (RB)

Study investigated the relationship of classroom acceptance, visibility, and achievement between siblings in the same elementary school. For both visibility and achievement, younger siblings had significantly higher scores than older siblings. (RB)

Training in tests and measures and attitudes toward testing were related to teacher's use of tests. Results support the contention that teacher's use tests extensively, but that they do not produce high quality tests. Results are discussed in terms of curriculum changes. (RB)

Illustrates how qualitative research traditions can be used in educational research. Shows that qualitative research presents a diverse approach to research and offers a rich understanding of education. Compares ecological psychology, holistic ethnography, cognitive anthropology, and symbolic interaction. (RB)

Reviews recent work on knowledge acquisition with a focus on knowledge restructuring. Piagetian theories of global restructuring may be replaced by a more domain-specific approach. Several mechanisms for knowledge restructuring are discussed, and these issues are related to a theory-based approach for the study of instruction. (RB)

Wait time is the duration of pauses separating utterances during a verbal exchange. Paper reviews studies that involve wait time in a range of subject areas and grade levels. Wait time appears to foster higher cognitive level learning by giving teachers and students more time to think. (RB)

Article defines qualitative research and describes the form that an article based on qualitative research might take. Encourages readers to submit articles based on qualitative research to the American Educational Research Journal. (RB)

Article provides a brief overview of sociolinguistics for educational researchers, describes the relevance of sociolinguistics for understanding classroom discourse, and suggests ways to measure the adequacy of sociolinguistic studies. (RB)

Focusses on the problems associated with writing school ethnographies. Ethnographers need to provide a sense of the problems that dictate their research. Summaries of theoretical positions based on anthropology are provided. (RB)

A test battery was developed to measure teachers' multiple attention and vigilance skills. These are believed to be related to successful classroom management. Measurements were compared with observed teacher management behavior. (RB)

Study investigated incidental learning of word meanings from context during normal reading. Effects of word and text properties were examined in detail. Small but reliable gains in knowledge were found at all grade levels and ability levels tested. (RB)

Stepwise multiple regression was used to develop salary prediction equations, one from each of two faculty samples used most frequently used in this type of research. An analysis of the model found that on average women were paid significantly less than men. (RB)