This research was undertaken to determine whether monitoring by peers, self, or teacher would produce the most effective contingency management program. (RC)

The debate still continues regarding Stevens' paper on the relationship between scales of measurement and appropriate statistics. The central issue is the nature of the relationship between ordinal and interval scales and parametric and nonparametric statistics. This article presents some of arguments regarding these issues. (Author/DEP)

A theoretical model is attempted that explains the processes of interaction between the individual and the institution that lead differing individuals to drop out from the institutions. Recent research in the field is also reviewed to gain new insights into the social process of dropping out from higher education. (Author/DEP)

An attempt to outline the simplest framework for achievement testing that shows the relationship between achievement tests and the instructional programs, and to show how achievement testing may be implemented within this framework. (Author/DEP)

This survey considers the instructional effectiveness, defined in terms of achievement test results, of traditional classroom instruction, instructional radio, instructional television, programmed instruction, and computer-assisted instruction and consolidates its findings with other surveys for macroscopic, comparative consideration. (JH)

The research reported here tests the question: Does the black child have a difficult time comprehending the Standard English speaking teacher or vice versa? The results are seen to have implications for educational planning and research. (Author/JH)

The first part of this article reviews research comparing innovative to traditional curriculum introduced since 1957 and draws tentative conclusions about the influence of curricula on school achievement; the second part explores the implications of those conclusions for educational theory, research, evaluation, and practice. (JH)

Analysis of bureaucratic structure and the incentive systems of the public schools reveals access points for enhancing the school's ability to adopt and implement innovative education. Research and development coordinated to those points can provide a greater diversity of educational possibilities, assuming such diversity to be a positive…

This study investigated factors underlying discrimination against woman doctoral students. Analyses revealed that faculty attitudes and behavior toward woman doctoral students contributed significantly to their emotional stresses and self-doubts. (Author/NE)

In this study, fourteen teachers were trained to use a contingency management program emphasizing the reinforcement of appropriate conduct while minimizing attention to inappropriate conduct. Twelve of the fourteen experimental classrooms improved dramatically as a result of the program. (Author/NE)

In this paper one type of causal modeling technique involving a structural set of equations that are recursive in form has been used to reanalyze the data from two empirical studies that have appeared in the literature. (Author)

Observations on the American educational research scene are provided by a scholar from India. Various aspects of American research such as the quantitative approach, the operational manipulation of abstract concepts, decision-making, classroom practices, and the need for cross-cultural studies are discussed. (NE)