It is of great concern that individuals can use mathematics as a tool today, when distance education is being adopted in several fields. The concept of mathematical literacy has also come to the fore due to the use of mathematical efficacy at various grade levels. Therefore, this research aims to investigate distance education students' self-efficacy levels of mathematical literacy. Survey model was used in this research. The sampling of the research consists of distance education students enrolled in a state university. Data collection tools were a Math Literacy Self-Efficacy scale and a personal information form. The SPSS16.0 statistical package was used for the statistical analyses of the research data. According to the results of the findings, distance education students' self-efficacy levels of math literacy were evaluated in terms of their success in mathematics, gender, views on quantitative courses, Internet use while studying mathematics and e-book reading about mathematics. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature and some suggestions were presented for further research and researchers. (Contains 7 tables and 1 note.)