This review of the conceptualization, measurement, sources, and consequences of teacher anxiety suggests that the concept is still at an early stage of development. Further research and theoretical clarification should focus on coping strategies, rather than on the anxiety experience per se, because a reduction in anxiety state may not necessarily…

Behavioral objectives should be regarded as one of several tools available to educators. Research should be directed toward determining their advantages and limitations, as well as the conditions under which they can be used more effectively. Conditions vary depending upon student awareness of and interest in stated objectives; clarity,…

Authors of the taxonomy made various claims about its properties that concern both educational and psychological issues; these claims have stimulated investigations of the taxonomy's validity. As the taxonomy is now entering its twenty-second year, this review attempts to survey these investigations and appraise the findings. (Author/CP)

Two experiments investigated the effects of four teaching treatments on sixth graders' learning of an ecology curriculum. Recitation was more significant in improving learning than the other treatments--probing or followup questioning; redirection of a question to another student; and higher cognitive questioning. (Author/CP)

Time on task and time on reading were observed during free reading periods. Poor readers especially spent less time on reading with comics than books. and showed more improvement in reading comprehension with books than with comics. A link between reading ability, time spent on reading, comprehension gain, and reading material was observed.…

Sixty-three third and sixth graders in an experimental teaching session provided either genuine or dissembled (disguised) verbal praise to a student (confederate). Trained coders and naive observers analyzed nonverbal behavior. As hypothesized, nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, body movement, and pausing indicated verbal deception.…

Family socioeconomic status, ability, high school curriculum, scholarship receipt, age, race, marital status, enrollment status, employment status, and type of college attended were examined. The importance of these factors varied widely with year of college completed. Results demonstrated that these factors cannot be molded into a single equation…

Marascuilo's and Levin's use of the term "nesting" to describe a statistical model, and application of the Scheffe tests on restricted sets of contrasts, is opposed. Changing the model during analysis of a complex set of data is both necessary and desirable. (Author/CP)

As hypothesized, academic failure produced greater discrepancies between parental expectancy and children's achievement among high socioeconomic status (SES) children than among low SES children, and decreased self-regard among the former but not the latter. Furthermore, relatively low academic achievement was associated with weakened self-concept…

Boys from families who assigned child care tasks to male siblings were more likely to be attentive in a dyadic peer-tutoring session. General classroom attentiveness was also highly correlated with attentiveness to a peer tutor and to male care of siblings. Girl tutee attentiveness and female care of siblings were not correlated. (Author/CP)

As hypothesized, less advanced students benefited most from a high instructional support treatment (personalized system of instruction) used in an introductory calculus course. Furthermore, as level of prior mathematics preparation increased, the achievement differences between the high and low instructional support (lecture) decreased. (Author/CP)

School-level socioeconomic status (SES), racial composition, and climate were each highly related to mean school achievement; only a small proportion of the between-school variance in achievement was explained by SES and racial composition after the effect of school climate was removed. Student sense of academic futility had the highest…

First and second grade Jerusalem children were administered end-of-year mathematics tests. Lower class children from open integrated classrooms scored higher than those in traditional integrated settings, and children in homogeneous settings scored the lowest. The performance of middle class children was differentially affected by integration and…

Four principals were trained to supervise the implementation of a positively-oriented, token economy in all normal classrooms in their schools. Pre and post-implementation behavioral observations of teacher-delivered positive and negative events, student disruptions, and student involvement indicated the program was successful. (Author/CP)

Results varied as a function of : (1) type of task (transfer, paired associate, or visual discrimination); (2) student age (kindergarten, first grade, or college); (3) stimuli size; and (4) number of response indicators. Research findings cannot be generalized from artificial orthographies to the English alphabet or from various aged subjects to…