Student behavior measures were shown to be highly predictive of achievement, adding support to the notion that student behavior during instruction is strongly linked to student learning. (Author)

Subjects in a learning retention test showed in one instance that listening with a visual component was as effective as reading, and under another condition, listening with a visual component was superior to reading. (JD)

Inner city teachers who had received special inservice training had significantly different attitudes toward nonstandard black dialects than did other inner city teachers. (Ed.)

Reading skills, general ability, and academic achievement were studied in El Salvadoran junior high school students who had recently acquired a television. There were no obvious effects on short-term achievement, but consistent negative effects on reading improvement were found. In the most disadvantaged students, general ability growth was…

Undergraduate males of different achievement orientations received either no feedback or success feedback on six tasks. On later tasks, success feedback had: (1) no effect on learning easy tasks; (2) positive effects on learning difficult tasks for high achievement orientation subjects; and (3) negative effects with low achievement orientation…

Effective teaching in an undergraduate mathematics course was measured by students' achievement ratings of instructors using four different instruments. The 799 students rated teaching assistants and full-time faculty in a similar fashion, both in terms of the level of ratings and the framework used in making judgments. (Author/GDC)

Children listened to sentences under two instructional sets (imagery or repetition) and answered multiple choice alternatives--either identical or similar in meaning to correct information in the sentences; and including or not including previously presented irrelevant information. The sources of interference predicted from recognition memory…

Cluster analysis of nine dimensions of the social environments of 200 junior high and high school classrooms yielded five distinct types of classes: control oriented, innovation oriented, affiliation oriented, task oriented, and competition oriented. The clusters showed systematic differences in student satisfaction and mood, and in teacher…

Goals for educational attainment were studied in eleventh grade students. The males aspired to and expected higher levels of attainment. At higher aspiration levels, the discrepancy between aspiration and expectation was greater for females. Both socioeconomic background and academic ability had a greater effect on educational ambition for males.…

The causal modelling technique is extended to nonrecursive causal models that involve feedback and/or reciprocal causation. Three least squares techniques for estimating parameters are described, and data from an empirical study illustrate the causal modelling technique. (Author/GDC)

Three self-report self concept tests were administered to intermediate grade children. The subscales were clustered into three facets representing physical, social, and academic self concept. Some degree of construct validity was established, but discriminant validity was not. There was little evidence for the existence of separate facets of self…

High school classes were assigned to five types using J.L. Holland's typology, and the climates assessed using the Classroom Environment Scale. Holland's classification was generally supported, although some unexpected findings are discussed. Holland's hexagonal model of the similarity between types received only weak support. (Author/GDC)

The effectiveness of precision teaching and traditional teaching were compared in high school classes. In a second experiment, students' performance improved when good performers were allowed more hours of employment. The results suggest that poor academic performance may be due to an interaction between teaching procedure and incentive…

In a review of Breuning's study of conventional vs. precision teaching (TM 503 458), Brophy praises the research design used. However, the interpretation and reporting of Breuning's data are questioned. The effects of instructional method have been confused with the effects of incentive manipulation. The practicality and ethical justification are…

Breuning answers the criticisms expressed by Brophy (TM 503 459) in his commentary on Breuning's study of precision teaching (TM 503 458). The author repeats his conclusion that precision teaching was more effective than traditional teaching. (GDC)