Differences in attitude toward classroom testing were studied with 219 college faculty members and 108 students. Although both groups acknowledged the importance of tests, more positive attitudes were found for faulty members rather than students, and the greatest discrepancy in attitude scores was for items regarding the fairness of tests. (SLD)

The impacts of instructor gender and race on student evaluations of teaching effectiveness, particularly when courses contained controversial content, were studied with 190 undergraduates. No support was found for the hypothesis that students would rate women and minority instructors lower, but the same material was thought to be more…

A campus violence survey was completed by 189 students, most of whom were in a developmental studies program or an enrichment (honors) program. There was no difference in violent acts based on developmental or enrichment courses taken. Males were more likely to be perpetrators of crimes, especially vandalism. (SLD)

Perceptions of school superintendents and school board members regarding their respective roles in school governance were studied with 175 superintendents and 226 school board members. Significant differences were found in role perceptions of superintendents and school board members; both groups believed they should have more authority relative to…

The new editors of the "Review of Educational Research" recognize their charge to be comprehensive in the process of review of educational research and to be of service to educators. They also acknowledge the challenge to be nurtured by the scholarship of the times and innovations in education. (SLD)

This meta-analysis examines the effects of adventure programs on diverse outcomes such as self-concept, locus of control, and leadership. Analysis of 1,728 effect sizes from 96 studies shows that effect sizes varied substantially and improved as the length of the program and ages of the participants increased. (SLD)

A critical and comprehensive review of a variety of research programs investigating students' thinking and beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing leads to the identification of nine theoretical and methodological issues that need to be resolved in future research on epistemological theories. (SLD)

Kathleen Metz has suggested that application of theories of developmental psychology to children's science instruction has led to underestimation of children's competence and potential. This review proposes use of developmental psychology as a guidepost rather than a constraint in developing science curricula. (SLD)

The complex relationship between cognitive developmental research and children's science curricula is explored, focusing on the tendency to attribute shortcomings in performance to the child's age, the confounding of weak knowledge with developmentally based deficiency, and emphasis of stage-based constraints on children's thinking. (SLD)

State-sponsored teacher networks in Vermont and California are compared, using interviews with teachers, network staff, and policymakers. It is concluded that state-sponsored networks can improve teachers' knowledge and motivation while empowering them. Recommendations are made for loosely coupled and capacity-building strategies to support…

Using data from the Census and the Department of Education, this study compares 1970, 1980, and 1990 to analyze shortages of Asian American teachers by U.S. geographic location, Asian nationality, gender, grade level, and immigration status. Causes of shortages are linked to traditional patterns of teacher recruitment. (SLD)

Data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 were used to identify factors related to gender differences in tenth-grade science performance. The advantage found for eighth-grade boys had widened by tenth grade. Findings emphasize the importance of active classroom involvement as a way of promoting gender equity. (SLD)

The views of contemporary social studies teachers on citizenship education were studied through Q-technique in 39 Minnesota teachers and a national sample of 361 teachers. Identified perspectives of cultural pluralism, legalism, assimilationism, and critical thinking are discussed, and their implications for teaching practice explored. (SLD)

IMPROVE, a method for teaching mathematics in heterogeneous classrooms based on social cognition theories, was developed and tested in studies involving 247 and 265 seventh graders. IMPROVE uses metacognitive activities, peer interaction, and feedback-corrective enrichment. Results of both studies showed that IMPROVE students significantly…

Data were obtained from the 1987-1991 Longitudinal Study of American Youth for this study of secondary students. Beyond the expected effects of gender, socioeconomic status, reading ability, and prior achievement, homework effects were found for mathematics achievement; and homework and assessment format effects were found for science achievement.…