To paraphrase a quote by Thomas Jefferson, "there is nothing so unfair as the equal treatment of unequal children." Teachers cannot use a one-size-fits-all model of instruction to successfully reach all children. This "Focus On"--an update of our popular 2004 edition--is designed to help teachers assess and improve their own instruction by focusing on the skills educators need to meet the challenge of differentiating instruction effectively. Accountability, high-stakes testing, and increasing diversity present teachers with greater challenges than ever before. This "Focus On" will encourage the discussion and understanding needed to meet the challenge of differentiating instruction effectively. (Contains 2 figures and 5 web resources.)