In order to examine what we know and understand about the effectiveness of recasts in the second language classroom, this paper presents the results of a meta-analytic review of the current research on recasts. Initial analysis showed an average weighted effect size of 0.38. A "Q"-statistic test revealed that the studies contain heterogeneous data, where significant difference occurred in the type of treatment given to the participants, the type of grammatical structure studied, and in the difference in the second language being studied. (Contains 1 figure and 4 tables.)