In setting the cut-scores on National Curriculum tests it is important to maintain standards. In the process of test development, both within and across years, changes are made to the style of the questions in order to increase their "accessibility". This raises the question of whether a more accessible test should have higher cut-scores. Purely…

Recent literature on parcel indicators in measurement models used in covariance structural modelling has mainly been concerned with statistical properties of parameter estimates. Less attention has been paid to measurement properties for inferring the assumed latent construct. The present study illustrates a two-facet measurement model that…

For this edition of "A Survey of Current Australian Strategies in Numeracy", officers from each of the State and Territory education departments, as well as their Catholic Education Office counterparts provided the information about the strategies in place during 2001 within their jurisdiction. These strategies, all aimed at improving numeracy…

A moderation-mediation model was developed to investigate relationships among adolescents' family, school learning environments, individual characteristics, and measures of the academic, affective, and social outcomes of young adults from different cultural backgrounds. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal survey of Australian youth. The…

The main aim of this chapter is to analyse parents' perceptions of children's assessment in primary school. Understanding these perceptions may shed light on their knowledge of assessment and involvement in their child's education. The sample population consisted of one hundred and eighty eight Spanish parents (N=188) of students in third grade in…

This study uses The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) data to compare students from Hong Kong with students from the US on the mathematics achievement and on a series of family background factors such as mothers' expectations, parental education, presence of study aids, living with different family members, and…

Develops a conceptual framework of research genres that illustrates the complex multidisciplinary roots of multicultural education. Includes examples of research to clarify the nature of the genres and the interactive connections across genres within the framework as a whole. Discusses implications for practice. (SLD)

Introduces seven models to analyze the multifaceted conception of teacher effectiveness, including goal and task, resource utilization, working process, school constituencies satisfaction, accountability, absence of problems, and continuous learning. Each model represents a perspective that describes certain factors which are closely related to…

On the 79th anniversary of the Journal of Educational Research, this article republishes the announcement that began volume 1, number 1, January 1920, of the journal. It also discusses the journal's work over the past 79 years. An appendix lists titles and authors published in the journal during the years 1920, 1934, and 1993. (SM)

The author examines technical and vocational education and training for 14- to 18-year-olds in Denmark, France, Sweden, West Germany, the United States and Japan. She aims to compare the Technical and Vocational Education Initiative of Great Britain with systems in other countries. (CH)

Outlines the historical background, the constraints upon diversification, and the changes which have occurred in college organization. Also examines the characteristics of the student population who entered three British colleges in 1976, their aspirations, selection of programs and courses, and their academic experience at these institutions. (CT)

A Manchester, England, high school designed lower school curriculum structures via computer and investigated their feasibility using the Nor Data School Scheduling System. The positive results suggest that the computer system could provide all schools with an invaluable aid to the planning and implementation of their curriculum. (CT)

An historical and sociological explanation is presented for the occurrence of overrepresentation of racial minorities in special education classes for mentally retarded school children discovered in the California public schools. (Author/MH)

Artificial intelligence techniques are used in computer programs to search out rapidly and retrieve information from very large databases. Programing advances have also led to the development of systems that provide expert consultation (expert systems). These systems, as applied to education, are the primary emphasis of this article. (LMO)

Video games may allow educators to reach children who have never before been incorporated into an educational experience within the confines of school. A distinction is made between types of arcade style games and educational games in Piagetian terms: practice games, symbolic games, games with rules, and games of construction. (LMO)