Research has indicated that the keyword method of vocabulary learning facilitates students' performance on comprehension-demanding tasks as well as test of definition recall. When conditions and undergraduate subjects within conditions were equated with respect to their initial levels of definition recall, the comprehension advantage of keyword…

The behavior ratings and psychometric profiles of children with attention deficit disorders (ADD) and children with developmental reading disorders (DRD) were compared. DRD children were more impaired in academic attainment and showed evidence of qualitative disturbances in reading and spelling. ADD children showed no qualitative reading or…

An instrument entitled Students and Their Schools assesses the perceived availability and value of different academic and interpersonal dimensions of the high school environment and student satisfaction with these areas. When administered to 411 students, results indicated that resources availability was more highly related to student satisfaction…

Verbal intelligence, English-language skills, personality, and attitude scales were used as predictors of academic performance in students at the University of Hong Kong. A series of bivariate, multiple, and canonical correlation analyses were performed. Results indicate that verbal intelligence and attitudes, except study orientation, were not…

The Minnesota Marking Attitude Scale was administered to regular and special education teachers. Results indicated that regular educators believed that marks have a positive influence on students while special educators believed marks exerted neither positive nor negative influence. Assigned marks, attitude scores, and teaching experience were not…

Constructive memory in low socioeconomic status (SES) Black and middle-SES White children was evaluated. The fourth-grade subjects in the study were tested by a recognition procedure. Results indicated that the nature of test instructions given to subjects can alter estimates of population differences in inference retention. (DWH)

The hypothesis that the deleterious effects of failure might be attenuated when failure is expressed in self-referenced terms relative to the individual's known level of ability as assessed by other measures was investigated. In this study, 128 undergraduate subjects received feedback described as either norm-referenced or as self-referenced.…

Students were asked to rate several hypothetical instructor profiles, constructed by systematically manipulating information about the instructors' classroom behaviors. Factor analyses were performed where factors represented clusters of semantically equivalent items. Students imposed an implicit semantic organization on their ratings, apart from…

This study investigated how classroom teaching behavior mediates the relationship between personality and college teaching effectiveness. Instructional effectiveness was measured by end-of-term student ratings. Path analysis revealed that approximately half of the relationship between personality and teaching effectiveness was mediated by…

This study analyzed the relationship of teacher personality to teacher behaviors in physical education. Several personality traits related significantly to important observed teacher and student behaviors. Students of teachers who scored high in independence, assertiveness, questioning, and imaginativeness learned more than students of teachers…

This study investigated the relationship of phonological awareness to learning to read. Australian first-grade children were tested for verbal intelligence, phonemic segmentation ability, and reading achievement. Path analysis revealed phonological awareness affected reading comprehension indirectly through phonological recoding. The development…

This study was designed to explore relations among reading skills, metareading, memory, and metamemory. Interactions among these skills were investigated as related to reading ability, operativity, and grade level. The effects of experience, operativity, and metacognition on reading and memory skills were discussed. (Author/DWH)

A test of whether metacognition is a separate factor from cognition was conducted by measuring the effects of metacognitive factors in problem solving, while attempting to hold relevant cognitive factors constant. Learning disabled subjects were less skilled in metacognition with respect to knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition.…

Shame is a global emotion that shares an ability-linked component (humiliation) and an effort-linked component (guilt). Effort was found to increase humiliation via inability ascriptions because a combination of high effort and failure implies low ability. Conversely, high effort was found to decrease the guilt component of shame. (Author/DWH)

The influence of changes in wording of simple arithmetic problems without affecting semantic structure on the level of difficulty for primary-grade students was investigated. Data analysis produced results that rewording the problem so that the semantic relations are made more explicit facilitates the construction of an appropriate mental…