Support for learning, as perceived by 516 adolescents, was compared to data collected five years earlier on family characteristics, ability, achievement, and school attitude. Educational aspirations were related to parents' and teachers' support. Females' occupational aspirations were influenced by situational variables; males were also influenced…

Pairs of undergraduate students were instructed to engage in metacognitive activities, elaborative activities, or neither while listening to prose passages. Results of a recall test suggested that metacognitive activity facilitated cooperative learning, while elaborative activity transferred to a later individual learning activity. (Author/GDC)

Research on classroom rewards is reviewed with emphasis on the effect of seeing another student rewarded for performing the same task that the observing classmate has performed. Four further experiments are briefly described, and research variables are reviewed. Suggestions are made for increasing the effects on peers of implicit rewards. (GDC)

In two experiments, college student pairs who were given a systematic strategy for learning cooperatively from a text were compared with pairs who created their own strategies and with individuals who used the systematic or their own strategy. The cooperative learning strategy facilitated both initial learning and transfer. (Author/GDC)

The effects of two learning techniques on immediate and delayed tests examining factual and high-order learning outcomes was examined using 23 college students. Results indicated that listening to a lecture and subsequently reviewing the instructor's notes leads to higher student achievement than taking and reviewing personal lecture notes.…

Undergraduates were given complex figural analogies items, and eye movements were observed under three types of feedback: (1) elaborate feedback; (2) subjects verbalized their thinking and application of rules; and (3) no feedback. Both feedback conditions enhanced the rule-governed information processing during inductive reasoning. (Author/GDC)

This study compares the reading achievement of beginning readers in kindergarten who were assigned to two reading groups: (1) cipher readers and (2) phonetic-cue readers. Results showed that the first group did better in both reading and spelling. The importance of beginning readers advancing beyond cue reading to cipher reading is emphasized.…

The differences in children's ability to answer inferential questions from pictures, print, and print with pictures was studied. The results indicated that the students performed better in the picture-only and print-with-picture conditions. The more skilled readers scored higher than the less skilled in print only condition. (Author/JAZ)

Reading comprehension scores, course examination scores, grade point average (GPA), and Scholastic Aptitude Test scores were analyzed to test the hypothesis that the comprehension of reading materials could be used to predict learning performance. Results showed that course-relevant reading comprehension was a predictor of course performance but…

In two experiments, the importance of mnemonic illustrations for improving the learning and memory performance of learning disabled adolescents was studied. Results showed that students learned more when they studied passages with mnemonic pictures and that mnemonic instruction facilitated students ability to make inferences about information…

The relationship between general metamemory and how well university students performed on in-class multiple choice exams was studied. Correlational and contingency analysis showed a positive relation between classroom performance and students' recommended use of organizational and self testing strategies when they planned study for a free-recall…

The first study investigates the validity of the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument as a diagnostic tool for differenciating the ability of language impaired preschoolers to use language to communicate complex ideas. The second study evaluates the relative effectiveness of two software environments that were expected to enhance children's…

Feuerstein's mediated learning theory was applied to a deaf population for investigating the cognitive modifiability of this population. The learning Potential Assessment Device (LPAD) was employed for determining transfer of learning along cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Results showed that the groups who received examiner mediation…

Two experiments investigate how attributes of peer models influenced achievement behaviors among children who had experienced difficulties learning mathematical skills in school. Children in the single-coping-model, multiple-coping-model, and multiple-mastery-model conditions demonstrated higher self-efficacy, skill, and training performance,…

This study examines developmental differences in the use of praise and blame as attributional cues among children ages 4 to 12. It was found that the oldest children inferred lower ability given praise and the absence of blame, while the youngest children, with higher ability inferred given praise, and lower ability given blame. (Author/JAZ)