Traditional measures of academic performance, attitudes, expectations, self-esteem, and learning transfer were compared at formal and informal schools. Informal school students showed more positive attitudes toward school and teachers and greater transfer of training of learning to nonschool settings. No differences were found for academic…

The interrelationships of intelligence, field independence, analytic cognitive style, and spatial and perceptual abilities among boys were examined. The contribution of cognitive style to the prediction of English and mathematics achievement was investigated. Substantial overlap was confirmed between field independence and intelligence. An…

Students were randomly assigned to study an instructional program by constructed responding or by reading. Level of prior attainment was ascertained by pretest scores. Interaction was found between prior achievement and instructional support. Constructed responding was especially beneficial for students with low pretest scores. (BJG)

Student ratings of instruction for lecture types varying in substantive teaching points covered (high, medium, low) and expressiveness of delivery (high, low) were investigated. Half were offered an incentive to learn before the lecture; the other half after the lecture. Students then rated lecture effectiveness and completed an achievement test.…

Children in typical classrooms who were offered material incentives learned significantly more spelling words than did children not offered material rewards. The substantial effects of the material incentives continued throughout the 4-week period. (BJG)

Results show that consistency of student performance was related to both the stability dimension of attributional behavior and attributions for immediate outcome varied along the locus of control dimension. Findings suggest the dominance of an informationally oriented influence on attributional behavior. (BJG)

The effects of phonic blend training on word decoding were compared in two groups of 4-year-old children, one that was proficient at segmenting syllables into individual phonemes in terms of the Fox-Routh test and another group that did not have this proficiency. (BJG)

Results indicated the lower the expected grade or the higher the obtained grade the more favorable the teacher evaluation. Subjects who obtained an "A" attributed causality for their performance most strongly to themselves, while subjects obtaining a "C" attributed their performance most strongly to the teacher. (BJG)

Vocalizing and nonvocalizing pairs and individuals solved four three-attribute conjunctive problems. In terms of overall effectiveness, vocalizing pairs were superior; individuals vocalizing to a confederate, individuals vocalizing to the experimenter, and nonvocalizing individuals were intermediate, in that order; and nonvocalizing pairs were…

Attitudes toward cooperation and competition were virtually independent across grades 2 to 12. Cooperativeness was consistently related to a broad range of positive attitudes toward schooling experience at all grade levels. Competitiveness changed its pattern of correlates, showing relationships to several positive attitudes only in school. (BJG)

The implementation of reading groups and its effects on pupil mobility, patterns of teacher-child contact, and pupil measures of reading achievement and related factors was examined. Group membership patterns, group influence on later reading performance, and teacher feedback were discussed. (BJG)

A quantitative theory of student trajectories in a computer assisted instruction course for deaf students is developed and tested. The theory rests on certain qualitative assumptions about information processing. The fit of data to theory is reported in terms of the standard scale of grade placement. (Author/DEP)

The conclusion of Bridgeman and Buttram that race differences on a nonverbal reasoning test are smaller when subjects have been given verbal strategy training is not supported by their data. The conclusion that the tests used are inadequate psychometrically can be supported. (Author/DEP)

An experiment involving a Group X Training or No-training design does not logically permit conclusions concerning the genetic or nongenetic causes of the main effect of the group differences or their interaction with treatments, nor can such a design reflect on the culture-fairness of the measuring instrument. For related article, see TM 502 302.…

While Bridgeman and Buttram, authors of TM 502 304 agree with the major arguments of Humphrey's article (TM 502 302), they do take issue with Jensen's conclusions (TM 502 303). Thus, this article serves as a rejoinder to both articles, primarily Jensen's. (DEP)