In the generative model of learning with understanding, reading comprehension occurs when readers actively construct meaning for text. On two experiments with 488 sixth graders, learning time was held constant across all treatments. The combination of inserted paragraph headings and instructions to generate sentences about paragraphs approximately…

Using five readily available classroom observation systems, three 50-minute videotapes of classroom interaction were rated for each of twelve social studies teachers. Comparisons yielded 23 categories that measured similar behaviors across systems, approximately half of which satisfied all validity tests. Implications for process-product studies…

Ninth-grade students from Western and Middle-Eastern ethnic backgrounds responded to a multiscale attitude questionnaire at the beginning and end of their first year in desegregated Israeli high schools. Neither the extent of previous ethnic contact nor the degree of ethnic mix in the classroom was found to affect attitudinal reactions to…

Educational psychology undergraduates were taught in alternating instructional sequences; one sequence was a conceptually oriented lecture followed by a factually oriented self-study, the other sequence was a factual self-study followed by a conceptual lecture. Results more closely supported the predictions derived from the educational set…

The effects of imagery instructions on fifth-graders with differing abilities were examined through within-class analysis and analysis in which class effects were allowed to have influence. In the latter analysis there were significant Aptitude X Treatment interactions with subscores derived from paired-associate tasks. Interactions were…

Twelve teachers were selected four students subsequently labeled accepted, concerned, indifferent and rejected. Teacher verbal behavior, teacher-student interpersonal distance, and student questionnaires indicated significant differences in school attitudes among the students, but not in teacher behavior toward them. The situational context…

Two studies found temporal persistence and resistance to extinction to be positively related to the attribution of failure to insufficient effort, and negatively related to ability and task difficulty in sixth graders. Results provided support for the attribution model of achievement motivation as well as empirical foundation for attribution…

Three measures of field dependence were used to determine whether: (1) Mexican American students are more field dependent than Anglo Americans; (2) intercorrelations between the tests are significant and comparable for both cultures; and (3) field dependence significantly affects academic performance. These assumptions were generally not…

During a series of electronics lectures, college students used three kinds of notes: (1) duplicates of lecturer's notes; (2) headings, key points, diagram outlines, tables and references with spaces for additional information; and (3) students' own notes taken during lectures. Student preferences for type of notes, and achievement using the three…

The relationship between the science career commitment and high school science teacher models was examined for 141 female and 129 male high school students. Teacher attractiveness and science-related teacher contact affected the influence of same-sex teachers more than that of opposite-sex teachers. The implications for female participation in…

Instructors answered questions indicating personal warmth, professorial rank, years of teaching experience, sex, and class size. Students completed the Instructional Improvement Questionnaire. The classes which received high ratings were small in size, were taught by instructors who rated themselves as warm, and had students who expected high…

The Matching Familiar Figures Test and the Auditory Impulsivity Task were administered to 81 fourth-grade students. Fifty-five percent of the students maintained classifications as reflective, impulsive, fast-accurate, or slow-inaccurate across the two modalities, indicating that the two tasks measured different abilities. The authors suggest that…

Experimental teachers receiving feedback concerning teaching skill were more effective than control teachers in controlling their own behavior and reducing learner inattention. The experimental teachers were also more effective in their ability to diagnose more often, to employ appropriate diagnostic procedures, and to assist students in mastering…

Tree searching was applied as a computer model of simple addition sentences. Results indicated that the number of problem reductions performed in tree searching accounted for most of the variance across problems in student error rate and solution time. The technique constitutes a computer test for the adequacy of a problem solving prescription.…

Three measures of academic intelligence and three measures of social intelligence were investigated in a group of college students. In the social domain, intradomain correlations were no higher than interdomain, factor analyses produced no identifiable social factor, and academic measures were better at predicting a social competence criterion…