Father-present and father-absent lower class Black kindergarteners were tested in school readiness, and two years later in academic achievement. Predictions of academic deficits due to early and continuing parental absence, as derived from Zajonc's and Markus's confluence model, were only partially supported. (Author/GDC)

One hundred and seven same-sex pairs were formed so that the tutor had greater (the status-congruent condition), equal, or lesser initial math competence than the tutee. Two weeks were devoted to tutoring; then, partners exchanged roles for two weeks. Satisfaction and perceived achievement were greater on becoming the tutor than the tutee.…

The conversion model of formal reasoning was examined for its ability to predict the decisions made by college students when solving concrete and abstract syllogisms. Results supported the model's contentions that reasoner's decisions reflect natural language processes in the encoding of syllogistic premises, and follow rationally from…

In two experiments, undergraduates who completed the last words of sentences they read learned more than subjects who simply read whole sentences. This facilitation was observed even with a list of sentences that were almost always completed with the wrong words. (Author/GDC)

Effects of a packaged teacher-consultant-mediated intervention program (CLASS) for modifying acting-out behavior in the regular classroom were evaluated. The experimental groups significantly increased their proportion of appropriate behavior postintervention and required fewer remedial services and special class placement years later. Training…

Achievement patterns of tenth grade females of above average intelligence revealed a significant difference between the grades of achievers and underachievers, beginning at grade 6. Other-direction and attitudes toward women were significantly related to mathematical achievement test scores and high school grades. (Author/BH)

Creative drawings of three preschool girls were modified using reinforcement procedures. Adult judges gave higher ratings of creativity for drawings with increased form diversity but not for those with increased color diversity. The role of social validation in defining and encouraging creativity is discussed. (Author/BH)

The promise of time-series designs for educational research and evaluation is reviewed. Ten time-series designs are presented and discussed in the context of threats to internal and external validity. The advantages and disadvantages of various visual and statistical data-analysis techniques are presented. A bibliography is appended. (Author/RD)

Several traits were measured in dyslexic and normal children: self-concept, achievement motivation, general manifest anxiety, test anxiety, and behavior deviance. Dyslexic children showed poorer personality adjustment; those dyslexic children who were successful in remedial training showed better emotional adjustment. Implications for remediation…

Good and poor readers' visual and auditory memory were tested. No group differences existed for single mode presentation in recognition frequency or latency. With multimodal presentation, good readers had faster latencies. Dual coding and self-terminating memory search hypotheses were supported. Implications for the reading process and reading…

A follow-up examined whether a prior battery of tests was positively related to college student performance on comparable tests given a year later. End of the semester measures of teaching effectiveness in terms of student performance and attitudes were positively related to similar responses obtained a year later. (Author/RD)

High and low achievers listened to 20 sentences under imagery or repetition instructions. The next day, learning was assessed by multiple choice items in which correct alternatives were stated in either verbatim or synonym form, and incorrect alternatives contained either familiar or new words. Implications for test construction were discussed.…

The development of locus of control was compared in rural Appalachian Follow Through participants and in lower and middle-class comparison groups. Participation in Follow Through did not enhance internality. A social class by sex interaction was found, and correlations between locus of control and achievement differed for social classes.…

Undergraduates discussed a moral issue with a confederate who had the same opinion (no controversy) or opposite opinion (controversy) within either a cooperative or a competitive context. Subjects in the controversy conditions indicated more conceptual conflict, engaged in more information seeking, and were more accurate in taking the cognitive…

Undergraduates learned to read words spelled with novel letters under phonics or whole-word conditions through several overlearning trials, and vocalization latency of word recognition responses was measured. Whole-word instruction resulted in word recognition mechanisms similar to fully automated mechanisms, but phonics instruction did not.…