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Peer reviewed
Direct linkSweller, John; Kirschner, Paul A.; Clark, Richard E. – Educational Psychologist, 2007
In this reply to commentaries on the Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006) paper, we not only reemphasize the importance of randomized, controlled experimental tests of competing instructional procedures, but also indicate that altering one variable at a time is an essential feature of a properly controlled experiment. Furthermore, we also…
Descriptors: Educational Psychology, Teaching Methods, Information Seeking, Cognitive Structures
Kirschner, Paul A.; Sweller, John; Clark, Richard E. – Educational Psychologist, 2006
Evidence for the superiority of guided instruction is explained in the context of our knowledge of human cognitive architecture, expert-novice differences, and cognitive load. Although unguided or minimally guided instructional approaches are very popular and intuitively appealing, the point is made that these approaches ignore both the structures…
Descriptors: Instructional Design, Teaching Methods, Cognitive Structures, Learning Processes
