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50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is celebrating its 50th Birthday! First opened on May 15th, 1964 ERIC continues the long tradition of ongoing innovation and enhancement.

Learn more about the history of ERIC here. PDF icon

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Preparing Headteachers in England: Professional Certification, not Academic Learning
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Bush, Tony – Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2013
The Education Reform Act 1988 increased the scope of headteachers' work and led to an emphasis on "management", often interpreted as the implementation of government policies, checked through the Ofsted inspection regime. Following the election of a Labour government in 1997, the discourse changed to "leadership".…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Administrative Change, Educational Change, Principals
From Management to Leadership: Semantic or Meaningful Change?
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Bush, Tony – Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2008
Educational management was still a relatively new field of study and practice in the UK at the time of the Education Reform Act (ERA) 1988. The field focused on "management" and not leadership. This emphasis very much reflected the business world and its use in education illustrated the "policy borrowing" characteristic of an emerging field. This…
Descriptors: Semantics, Educational Administration, Relationship, Instructional Leadership