Although the United States is clearly a melting pot, the country has generally held monolingualism in English as the gold standard of U.S. citizenship for immigrants. Fewer than one in 10 students at U.S. colleges major in foreign languages, and only 9 percent learn the most widely spoken languages in the world, such as Arabic, Chinese, Russian, and Urdu. Instructional time in foreign languages has also decreased -- particularly in schools serving minority populations -- directly as a result of NCLB. The Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) issued a report comparing the United States with 22 other nations on approaches to language learning: Most of the countries studied require a second -- or a third -- language in elementary school, whereas in the United States, the majority of students do not start studying a foreign language until age 14. 2005: The Year of Languages will focus the U.S. public's attention on the benefits of being multilingual and will target language issues, such as language policy, higher education, language advocacy, heritage languages, and early language learning.