A new urban legend claims, "As a result of the state dropping bilingual education, test scores in California skyrocketed." Krashen disputes this theory, pointing out that other factors offer more logical explanations of California's recent improvements in SAT-9 scores. He discusses research on the effects of California's Proposition 227, which mandated that schools move from bilingual education programs to immersion programs, and concludes that this research offers no convincing evidence that the law had beneficial effects. Krashen also reviews research suggesting that bilingual education programs promote English language learners' acquisition of English literacy as well as their subject-matter knowledge.