The Cognitive Levels Matching (CLM) project uses a constructivist base to teach teachers how to match the cognitive demands of curriculum and cognitive abilities of students. (MD)

The Thinking/Writing model integrates principles of learning theory, composing process research, and practical writing strategies. It is developed to motivate teachers to use writing as a tool for promoting cognitive growth. (MD)

Reseach on use of questioning in classroom teaching reveals that recitation is a poor method, but teachers use it anyway because it is effective in teaching curriculum that is largely textbook based. Teacher educators may be advised to help teachers learn to use recitation well. (MD)

Finds volumes of research on questioning and none on discussion. Defines discussion and presents concepts and techniques that facilitate it in the classroom. Recommends the need for further research. (MD)

Presents strategies for helping students develop their metacognitive abilities. Teachers must specifically encourage thinking about thinking. (MD)

Reports on a study of four Australian 11th-grade biology students that used stimulated recall to evaluate student thinking processes.The study confirmed the complexity of the teaching-learning process. (MD)

Describes a preservice teacher education program of Gallaudet College where student teachers participate in the Instrumental Enrichment Program to develop their cognitive skills. Includes an illustrated model. (MD)

Discusses the problems and possibilities in computerized education. Presents the culturally responsive perspective for change, which emphasizes teacher "ownership" of the innovation and creates a self-renewing environment in the schools. (MD)

Outlines the Electronic Meetings and Networks system developed for the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Includes a definition of computer conferencing. (MD)

Provides guidelines for evaluation in textbook selection. (MD)

Summarizes the findings from the report "Barriers to Excellence: Our Children at Risk," which shows that American education still fails low-income, minority, and learning disabled students. Presents recommendations for change. (MD)

The main reasons that students drop out of high school are poor grades, family problems, and financial problems. The school reform movement may compound marginal students' difficulties and cause more students to drop out. (MD)

Our society cannot afford to wait for research results before acting to reduce the high school dropout rate. Schools should focus on those students who are most likely to drop out. (MD)

Describes a program that helps students build general learning skills and subject specific skills. The success of the program is based on providing students an environment conducive to active learning. (MD)

This study synthesizes published and unpublished research on the effects of adaptive education on student outcomes. The study found adaptive education affects student outcomes positively and suggests that tailoring instruction to individual students is more effective than traditional educational methods. (MD)