An increased federal role in U.S. mathematics education was influenced by the needs of the armed forces in World War II. For those not in military service, math was stressed as vital for informed citizenship. The legacy of these initiatives was stronger linkage of schools to national aims and broader teaching and learning of math. (Contains 32…

Community schools arose in Texas in opposition to a post-Civil War centralized school system. Emphasis on parental control, minimal regulation, and funding similar to vouchers echo today's issues about school choice. Their history provides lessons for current school reform efforts. (SK)

Outlines the philosophies and theories of Joseph Schwab (deliberation toward decision), William Bagley (disciplined classroom progress), and John Dewey (pragmatism and education through occupations). Suggests elements to guide contemporary curriculum: respect for theory and practice; theory as guide, not determinant; and theoretical principles…

New research on Chicano education from the perspective of Chicanos illuminates the struggle for equality and access. The establishment of community schools (escuelitas) by Mexican Americans in Texas was intended to preserve Mexican heritage and language as well as prepare children for bicultural existence. (SK)

Discusses the history of the educational voucher concept and describes three voucher models: the Jencks "regulated compensatory" model, the Friedman "unregulated market" model, and the Coons "Family Power Equalizing" model (more recently called the "Quality Choice" model). (JOW)

The author examines select calls for educational reform in several popular periodicals from different periods in twentieth-century America. The periods include the 1910s, post-World War II, and the 1980s. (CH)

Presents a brief biography of Martin Luther, focusing on his work as a reformer of education. Discusses what is known of his childhood, his life in an Augustinian monastery, his posting of the 95 theses against the sale of indulgences and other abuses of the Catholic Church, and his call for universal compulsory schooling. (CT)

Asserts that existing accountability policies assume that a single behaviorist theory is the one best system for effective education. Examines the pitfalls of the one-system approach through the examples of John Stuart Mill's utilitarian upbringing and "Gradgrindism" in Charles Dickens' novel "Hard Times." (SK)

Examines professional periodicals published during the late 1940s and 1950s for their positions on the following questions: (1) Should Communists be permitted to teach in public schools? (2) Should controversial material including Communism be taught in the schools? and (3) Are loyalty oaths appropriate for teachers? (CT)

Examines the historical role of American schools as instruments of Americanization and assimilation processes. Traces the origins of cultural pluralism and discusses its implications for minority education. (SK)