The year 2005 saw a number of reports calling for actions to ensure the future economic vitality of the United States, frequently through the improvement of science and mathematics education. This trend will likely continue into 2006 as policymakers at the state and federal levels look for ways to ensure the United States remains economically competitive and secure in the emerging 21st century economy. The challenges cited are fairly consistent, commonly including: increased economic competition from other nations, particularly China and India; a dependence on foreign-born talent that may not be sustainable; a shortage of qualified mathematics/science teachers; a shortage of U.S. students studying for mathematics/science degrees. Groups issuing these reports represent a diverse cross-section of interests, including the business, higher education and policy worlds--and their intended audiences are similarly diverse. This document provides a brief summary of the major recommendations of six relevant reports.