Adolescents who work while attending school are reported to sleep less than those who do not. This study aimed to identify factors associated with short sleep duration in students who work during the school year. A cross-sectional survey aiming to describe working conditions and occupational safety and health was completed by representative samples of Quebec high school students aged 12-19 years from three administrative regions (n?=?3,871). A multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed with sleep duration as the dependent variable, and sociodemographic, school, occupational, and health factors as potential explanatory variables. Significant factors associated with shorter sleep duration were later bedtimes (p?<?0.001), shorter weekend oversleep (p?<?0.001), higher physical work factors related to handling efforts (p?<?0.001), and female gender (p?<?0.01). Addressing work conditions of student workers may help prevent sleep deprivation. Special efforts should also target girls combining work and study.