In this paper, the author considers the organisation and the recontextualization of "Rika" (School Science) in the second half of the nineteenth century in Japan. In considering developments, the author set up analyses points based on curriculum politics and concluded that the organisation and the recontextualization of "Rika" occurred between the 1870s and 1880s during the Meiji era. Consequently, "Rika" was socially constructed, being the product of a compromise made by particular groups and persons, under the Ministry of Education. The objective of "Rika" in elementary schools has been characterised as being in the affective domain "a love of nature" which is based on the Japanese view of nature which has differed from the West since the establishment of "Rika".