Reports a study comparing instructional behaviors of physical education teacher education majors across planned and unplanned teaching conditions. Researchers observed teaching behaviors, teaching environments, and learner involvements. Planning positively affected some teachers' instructional behaviors. Planning was important to the employment of…

Study compared pedagogical knowledge structures about effective teaching of preservice teachers and teacher educators. Groups of preservice teachers completed concept maps about effective teaching at two different times. Data were compared with teacher educators' concept maps. Differences between the groups of preservice teachers and between…

Study examined content and task decisions of urban secondary physical educators who prioritized social curriculum goals. Researchers analyzed transcript data from a simulated-recall protocol and found teachers' content decisions were consistent with the goals of cooperation, teamwork, and involvement within the social responsibility value…

Describes differences between the cultures of the workplace and the school. Discusses what vocational instructors can do to promote cultural learning in the classroom and how they can help students, especially limited English speakers, understand the workplace. (SK)

Explains how teachers should assess their behavior and attitudes toward people of different backgrounds, vary behavior to improve students' achievement motivation, and use culturally sensitive testing and assessment methods. A test data collection form shows how to analyze tests for gender and culture fairness. (SK)

Reviews trends in vocational student assessment, suggests modifications to assist assessment of limited English speakers (multiple techniques and tools, translated instruments, shadowing), and presents specific modifications for the cloze test, rating scales, observation sheets, interviews, portfolios, and projects. (SK)

A project studied nine community college vocational education programs for limited English proficient (LEP) adults and developed an administrative handbook. The project identified effects of programs/services on LEP enrollment, benefits realized by community colleges, funding sources, location of programs/services, interagency collaboration, and…

Feichtner describes Project ALIVE (Addressing Language Issues in Vocational Education), a California inservice training program for vocational instructors. Appleby presents results of a project evaluation in two school districts, which showed teachers and students both acting as change agents. (SK)

Human and material resources external and internal to adult education programs must be cultivated for program development. Methods include developing support of decision makers, being entrepreneurial, and demonstrating accountability. Issues include the need for flexible, responsive staff and structure, clearly defined policy, and flexible service…

Adult education's historic identification with democratic social change must compete with the more dominant corporate model of education and the cult of efficiency. Several models for socially responsible, issue-oriented adult education have evolved: total quality management, strategic planning as participatory research, and partnerships with…

Successful grants management depends on understanding types of grants and sources of grant funding, writing multiple proposals, and managing and closing out grant projects. Ensuring renewal necessitates adhering to funder requirements, maintaining positive relations, and reporting effectively. (SK)

Flexible budgeting can help coordinate and harmonize scarce financial resources in adult education. Budgets can be used as quantitative tools to manage instructional salaries, facilities, supplies, or other program support. (SK)

Program administration can be enhanced through the use of unilateral groups (focus groups, task forces, advisory committees) and multilateral groups (coalitions, cooperatives, consortia, alliances, subcontractors, partnerships). Groups can help plan programs; share or train staff; share facilities, materials, and equipment; and reduce service…

Large numbers of part-time adult educators necessitate staff development. Effective staff development should determine needs, define audience, identify clear objectives, match content with needs, and involve participants actively. (SK)

Key adult education management functions (planning, directing personnel, organizing work, staffing, and evaluating) can be enhanced through appropriate technologies. Of particular interest to administrators are computer-based communications, management information systems, and desktop application software such as spreadsheets, groupware, and…