Argues that evaluation and assessment are essential to both the practical and conceptual aspects of art education. Outlines criteria and guidelines for developing different evaluation methods. Proposes a process model for evaluating students' work. Maintains that all students will enhance their learning if they negotiate the criteria and purposes…

A Canadian art teacher informally observes art education curricula and assessment methods in England, Wales, Scotland, and Holland; and compares these with North American and Canadian practices. Discusses issues concerned with art history, national curricula, and multicultural education. Suggests that systematic assessment of students' work and…

Reports findings of a 1986 survey on multicultural approaches in art and design curricula in the United Kingdom. Identifies seven ways teachers were encouraged to introduce multicultural issues into the classroom. Examines origins and value orientations to multicultural reform. Favors multicultural curriculum reform from an internationalist,…

Sport pedagogy research is a young field yielding increasing amounts of information in such areas as improvement of school- and agency-based physical education programs. Adjustments to its knowledge system are suggested for obtaining more useful knowledge from research (e.g., adjustments in approaches to organizing, communicating, and applying…

An inventory collected responses from 63 adult beginning readers and 41 proficient readers regarding beliefs, feelings, and behaviors about consumer, social context, work-related, at-home, and recreational reading. Many views of the two groups were similar, although beginners disliked reading complex materials and reading aloud, do not read at…

Hawkesbury Agricultural College (Australia) reformed their program with a student-centered curriculum and client-centered research and extension. The bases of the Systems Agriculture program are experiential learning and a systems approach. Staff and student learning projects meet the criteria of action research. (SK)

Five indicators of failure suggest mistakes in program design or delivery: aborted planning, insufficient enrollment, negative reactions, unattained objectives, and incomplete transfer of learning. Learning from these mistakes requires deliberate reflection and systematic analysis. (SK)

Interviews with 32 adult education practitioners elicited success/failure factors. Practice-related observations included (1) reflecting on success/failure helps clarify values and assumptions; (2) new ways of perceiving, planning, and evaluating are stimulated; (3) integrating past experiences with changing demands promotes flexibility; (4)…

Adherence to program planning principles does not guarantee participation. Attention must be paid to characteristics that make a program responsive: target audience, promotion and marketing, competition, and logistics. (SK)

Common causes of program failure are failure to meet expectations; presentation method; lack of interaction time; failure to adhere to schedule; lack of applicable information; poor service; lack of assistance in implementing new ideas; failure to account for cultural diversity; content already known; and failure to give presenters information…

Factors affecting program participants' failure to learn as expected include (1) carelessness in details; (2) confusion over program goals; (3) lack of commitment from management, participants, or trainers; (4) lack of clarity and courage; (5) lack of cultural sensitivity; and (6) disagreement between educators and learners about what is to be…

Skills transfer will occur if planners (1) structure expectations (clarify objectives, focus on behavior, keep expectations achievable and consistent, ensure learner ownership); (2) improve skills (keep objectives at the correct level of cognitive domain, focus on applications, integrate training with the natural environment); and (3) establish…

Learning from program failure hinges upon acknowledging that everybody fails and having the ability to cope. Coping techniques may include accepting blame, denying failure, analyzing failure, blaming others, talking and sharing, remaining objective, using stress management techniques, and taking another risk. (SK)

Four types of program failure are (1) termination before implementing a planned program; (2) insufficient enrollment; (3) failure to meet participant expectations; and (4) failure to achieve objectives. Speculations about probable causes of failure can lead to principles for improving practice and to theories about program failure. (SK)

The article reviews educational provisions and attitudes toward integration in serving normal, subnormal, and gifted children in British Columbia (Canada) at three times--1872, 1922, and 1972. Noted are effects of the liberal ethos in public education, the influence of politics, the vulnerability of educators to single interest groups, and tension…