Examines teachers' beliefs about, and practices regarding, small-group teaching of mathematics. Reports that only 5 percent of the teachers used two or more groups in which students were encouraged to work cooperatively. Discusses variables related to deciding whether to group students for instruction. (Author/YP)

Integrates research on mathematics anxiety, regarding its nature, effects, and relief by using meta-analysis. Concludes that mathematics anxiety depresses performance and that mathematics and test anxieties both relate to general anxiety. Discusses the sex difference of the anxiety and its effects on achievement. (Author/YP)

Describes responses of fifth to eighth grade students to different types of test items requiring estimation. Reports that performance differed by item format, types of numbers and operations in the items, and grade level of students. (Author/YP)

Investigates patterns of sex differences for responses to problems across the countries involved in the Second International Mathematics Study. Reports no substantial gender effects on any of the content areas using the median polishing method. (YP)

Describes the emotional impact of the internalized corporate image on the recovering alcoholic corporate executive. Cautions organizations to realize that alcoholics in early recovery may react to their work and career responsibilities excessively and completely. Suggests that supervisors need training workshops in understanding alcoholism and…

Proposed that perception of relative danger of various drugs is crucial mediator of support people give to social control policies. Interviewed approximately 540 people, requesting that respondents assess danger level of 13 different drugs and indicate degree of support for some social control items. Found that considerable proportion of total…

Randomly assigned 60 fraternity pledges to behavioral self-management, alcohol education, self-monitoring of drinking behavior, or no-treatment control. Found no differences among treatment conditions on four self-reported dependent variables of drinking behavior. Found significant differences on self-report measures of alcohol consumption at…

Suggests content and methodology for alcohol and drug inclusions in criminal justice education, and examines several alcohol and drug educational activities for faculty members to enhance knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Includes a list of recommended readings for criminal justice faculty. (Author/NB)

High school student athletes and nonathletes were assessed on self-report inventory concerning frequency of alcohol use, intoxication, and attitudes about adolescent alcohol and drug use. Results indicated that male athletes consumed alcohol significantly more than male nonathletes and that male athletes drank alcohol to intoxication at…

Examined impact of psychosocial variables on drinking among 505 Black college students. Lack of social support was best predictor of drinking of hard alcoholic beverages among Black college males. Respondents who began drinking at younger age, had parents who approved of drinking, and had friends who drank were more likely to drink light and hard…

Examined 5 reasons to avoid drug use and perceived harmfulness of marijuana and alcohol in 2,926 seventh, ninth, and eleventh graders. In latent variable analyses of each sex by grade grouping, avoidance reasons were only moderately related to harmfulness, whereas harmfulness was more negatively related to general drug use than was avoidance…

College students (n=234) completed questionnaires on social and psychological predictors of alcohol consumption and satisfaction as step toward creating nonalcoholic social activities. Among multiple factors affecting drinking were wanting to release emotional tension, wanting to meet new people, belonging to a fraternity or sorority, low academic…

Study of 125 young adult women revealed that combination of alcohol use with intercourse was frequent occurrence, that women who had 2 to 3 years of sexual experience combined 2 behaviors most often, and that those who combined 2 behaviors at their first intercourse were likely to have done so more frequently in the past month than others.…

Provides outline narrative of most possible outcomes of regular heavy alcohol use, regular alcohol abuse, or chronic alcoholism. A systems analysis approach is used to expose conditions that may result when a human organism is subjected to excessive and chronic alcohol consumption. Such an approach illustrates the detrimental effects which alcohol…

Investigated self-esteem and purpose in life among 30 alcoholic women, 30 alcoholic men, 30 nonalcoholic women, and 30 nonalcoholic men. Statistical analysis included examination of eight major hypotheses. Results have implications for further research and treatment of female alcoholism. (Author/NB)