Four interdisciplinary staff teams at a public residential facility for persons with mental retardation improved the timeliness of submitting evaluation reports during a period when timeliness was reinforced. Performance deteriorated during the nonreinforcement phase. (Author/DB)

Characteristics of community activities and social support networks of 27 adults with mental retardation living in semi-independent apartments were compared to those of 27 similar adults without mental retardation. Among findings was that retarded adults did not perceive themselves as socially isolated though their actual social integration was…

Stresses national concern with rural education which is viewed as the key factor in future economic development. Points out that 80 percent of the population lives in the countryside, and findings show that they are disadvantaged in both basic education and technical training. Author provides specific policies to institute change. (NL)

Describes the changes in agricultural areas since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1948. Supplies statistical information on the output of major crops as related to peasant income. Supplies recommendations for reforming rural education and long range planning to meet the needs of the country. (NL)

Claims scientific and technical education is the key factor in further development of village enterprises and notes that present "one-directional" education causes migration of rural youth to urban areas. Opposes this system's emphasis on providing students with goals of higher education rather than of agricultural or vocational education.…

Warns that agriculture is the foundation of the national economy and that economic development depends on the scientific and technological skills of the peasants. Stresses that China must avoid concentration on urban education only. Identifies teacher preparation as the key factor in reform and urges scientific research support. (NL)

Claims millions of middle school graduates are unable to assist in meeting the nation's needs in economic development. States that educational and the economic sectors are not working together to solve the urgent task facing rural education. Provides plan for curriculum development with the stress on vocational education. (NL)

Proposes that education reform serve economic development. Claims that rural education must provide necessary training to meet local economic conditions and further modernization efforts. Calls for policy adjustment, additional investment, and the utilization of new research in science and technology. (NL)

Points out there is an urgent need for specialized teacher education to promote the transition to modern agricultural production. Notes that, if more students are to attend middle and secondary schools in rural areas, there is a need for more rural teachers. Notes the close relationship between qualified personnel and economic development. (NL)

Suggests that the primary task of socialism is to develop a commodity economy in rural areas. Claims local education best meets the needs of local development. Sees vocational, technical, and adult education as the basic structure to initiate reform. Recommends making schools multifunctional; providing work-study structure and preemployment…

Argues that basic education is the greatest weakness in China's education system. Describes recent reforms in Sichuan province with each town council working on individual plans for compulsory education. Suggests new surtax to fund rural education. Suggest practical techniques for local economic development with continuing "post-school education."…

Describes the role of education in the development of the economy of a village in Sichuan province. Uses the planning employed by this village as a model and furnishes examples of specific steps taken to confront multiple problems in providing education for growth and economic development. (NL)

Results are reported from a study that examined the relationship between academic dishonesty and contextual and social alienation among public and private school ninth through twelfth graders (N=1,534). Cheating was more prevalent among private school White males and among students who exhibited a high level of contextual alienation. (IAH)

Self-efficacy theory and research contribute to self-concept theory primarily by supporting the enhancement model of belief change. This article describes current problems with self-concept theory, describes self-efficacy research, and suggests that self-efficacy theory and methodology present findings that strengthen the association between…

This article attempts to reveal the working dimensions of power used to bring "A Nation at Risk" into national repute. Mackenzie's model of curriculum change is used to identify the sources of influence. The sources included access to bases of prestige, competence, money, legal authority, and mass communication. (Author/IAH)