Discusses possible effects of increased state level of control of education in the United States using the Republic of Cyprus as an example. Notes more centralized form of educational governance may reduce the significance of each individual student and this must be weighed against anticipated benefits. (Author/ABL)

Describes Adlerian method of play therapy. Claims Adlerian therapy represents an integration of the concepts and techniques of individual psychology into a method of using play to help troubled children. (Author/ABL)

Discusses views of Martin Luther King, Jr., including concepts of human rights, related counseling approaches, and ethics. Claims King's views provide helpful insights for counselors and clients. Concludes King invited individuals to view challenging life situations as moral opportunities. (Author/ABL)

This article discusses research design problems peculiar to work with intellectually disabled subjects, such as discrepancies in uses of control groups and mental age matching, definitions of subject groups and variability within and between subject groups. Suggestions for minimizing these problems are made and alternative methodologies offered.…

This article discusses progress in the integration of the Victoria, Australia, school system following a 1984 ministerial review. Fundamental principles behind the effort such as school-based services and noncategorization of disabilities are reviewed along with resultant policies, structures, and services. Barriers to mainstreaming are identified…

This article reports on a one-year networking program designed to increase the leadership of school principals in special education. Results of evaluation questionnaires and interviews with a sample of participants indicate heightened levels of awareness of special education "best practices," with indirect effects on programs for students with…

School psychologists (N=261) in New South Wales, Australia, were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward mainstreaming and asked to identify resources required to meet the needs of disabled students in regular classrooms. Subjects generally saw their role as consultative rather than interventionist and attached little importance to knowledge of…

Attitudes of preschool directors (N=591) in New South Wales, Australia, toward mainstreaming of students with disabilities and relevant competencies required of teachers were surveyed via questionnaire. Results indicated greatest optimism concerning the mainstreaming of students with mild disabilities. (Author/PB)

The history of specific difficulties in learning to read and write in Poland and multidisciplinary investigations in the field are discussed. A therapeutic care system including small correction-compensation groups, special grades, wards for dyslexic children, and individual outpatient treatment is currently in place, with research now focusing on…

A literature-based model of good information processing is sketched describing how metacognitive knowledge influences strategy selection and use. Three problems for learning-disabled students in using study strategies productively are discussed: neurological impairments; deficiencies in general world knowledge; and negative beliefs, attitudes, and…

The historical development of special education in Germany is summarized. Four cognitive teaching methods for special education are described: cognitive behavior modification with a focus on problem solving and metacognition, intelligence training based on inductive thinking, application of Piagetian concepts, and dynamic testing. (Author/JDD)

The strategies instructional approach developed at the University of Kansas Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities is described. The approach teaches students strategies in the academic, social, motivational, and executive functioning areas that will enable students to meet content learning demands and modifies instructional environments…

Problems are identified in adapting findings of laboratory-based cognitive instruction to mainstream classes. A metacognitive instruction model called Process-based Instruction (PBI) is then described. PBI recognizes the importance of interactions between student, teacher, and curriculum content and involves assessment, orientation, strategy…

Under the National Curriculum in the United Kingdom, children with learning difficulties will need to use transfer skills for various cross-curricular themes. To promote transfer, the use of cognitive strategies is recommended, including perceived similarity, analysis of the learning context, expert scaffolding, and detailed planning of practice…

The article looks at trends in early childhood mainstreaming of children with disabilities. Specific discussions focus on implementation, the perspectives of parents, and the development of friendships and peer relations in mainstreamed settings. A convergence among public policy, educational practice, and developmental principles and research is…