Expectations of presenters and 14 unemployed participants in a training course were modified as the course progressed. Beyond a focus on skill development for employment, the course moved to motivating and empowering the participants. (SK)

A survey of 50 supervisors and 100 instructors in India's National Adult Education Program found a considerable gap between the ideological view of teacher roles and actual practice. Reasons for the discrepancy include lack of facilities, funding, and instructor training. (SK)

Elaborates principles of education for older adults: (1) shift from viewing the elderly as disadvantaged to examining their treatment within the socioeconomic context; (2) critical educational gerontology, rooted in critical theory; (3) emancipation, empowerment, and transformation; and (4) theory based on action. (SK)

A study examined the relationship of psychosocial variables (self-efficacy, coping, locus of control, and social support) and attendance at a hospital-sponsored smoking cessation program with smoking cessation. Questionnaires and interviews with participants indicated self-efficacy and number of classes attended related to smoking cessation. (SM)

Study examined factors that influenced intrinsic motivation toward physical activity in 60 adult males who completed questionnaires and physical fitness tests. Results showed that performance information given immediately after task performance increased perceived competence and intrinsic motivation levels toward exercise of individuals with…

Reports an analytic review of 73 federally funded, college-based substance abuse prevention programs to determine the nature of impact. Most programs did not identify underlying prevention philosophy or theory but did report program purposes and objectives. Most programs reported some degree of institutionalization and significant policy changes.…

Study evaluated four characteristics of health education programs, examining whether better qualified secondary health teachers supported comprehensive school health instruction more than less qualified teachers. Teacher surveys indicated better qualified educators taught more health skills and topics. Three of the four characteristics facilitated…

The role and understanding of professions has changed because of a revolution in knowledge about learning, such as locus, social context, practical versus formal knowledge, and knowledge creation. The upheavals require reframing of professional continuing education. (SK)

Responses from 157 of 592 architects who used a self-assessment instrument showed that (1) the instrument helped identify professional learning needs; (2) consensus is lacking regarding professional knowledge; (3) instruments raise legal issues for individuals and organizations; and (4) self-assessment is perceived as an educational activity in…

Methods for providing continuing medical education at practice sites include peer-based learning, using practice-based information, individual learning contracts, self-assessment, and educational technology. Benefits include convenience, self-pacing, reduced travel costs, enhancement of income and productivity, and immediate application of…

Cognitive apprenticeship involves modeling of a task by an expert, learner performance and reflection with coaching, internalizing, and generalizing. It is effective because knowledge is created and made meaningful by the context in which it is acquired. (SK)

Striving to be learning organization, Imperial Oil of Canada focused on organizational, divisional, and individual capability development. Lessons learned include the following: (1) all levels of employees are potential professionals; (2) learning must be continuous; (3) intrinsic motivation and commitment are essential; and (4) organizational…

A study of paramedics revealed the following modes of informal learning: during task performance, from performance mistakes, through reflection while documenting performance, and from the experience of others. Routine and nonroutine partnerships played an important part. (SK)

Three kinds of implicit knowledge are (1) unconscious and nonverbalizable, stemming from familiarity with environment; (2) conscious but nonverbalizable (feeling-sense); and (3) unstated conscious and verbalizable (hidden assumptions). Implicit knowing makes its main contribution at the initial stages of problem solving. (SK)

Results of two studies of women's learning suggest that educators should (1) focus on learners' knowing within their authentic selves; (2) facilitate the construction of knowledge that motivates action; and (3) create a context of relatedness among learners. (SK)