The interactive effects between mathematical achievement and manipulative v symbolic instruction with junior high school students are examined in this report. Low-achieving students benefited more from a manipulative approach to logical connectives, whereas high achieving students found the symbolic approach to be more effective. (MP)

The time at which component skills are taught is studied to see whether it is a significant instructional variable. This research involved the instruction of a multiplication algorithm to 15 below-average first graders. (MP)

The frequency with which games must be used in order to help students maintain multiplication skills is the subject of this study. (MP)

College students are assessed for their abilities at horizontal and vertical spatial tasks. Differences between males and females and between vertical and horizontal tests are covered in this study. (MP)

Described is a marine science course offered to high school biology teachers. The course objectives were designed to introduce teachers to a marine science subject that could be used in the secondary science classroom and laboratory and to create an awareness of the issues surrounding the marine sciences. (DS)

Described are the career background and responsibilities of Bob Shephard, Associate Director of the National Sea Grant College program, Head of the Human Resources Division and Director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations' Marine Advisory Service. (DS)

Described are two curriculum units from the Michigan Sea Grant Program for middle school students: The Sea Lamprey in the Great Lakes, and Great Lakes Fisheries Transition. Topics discussed include fishery rights and responsibilities, where fisheries are, the modern fishery, buying and selling fish, and preserving fish. (DS)

Described are investigations related to fisheries education developed by the Ohio Sea Grant Education Office as a part of a series of Oceanic Education Activities for Great Lake Schools. The investigations discussed are "Yellow Perch in Lake Erie," which concerns fisheries management, and "It's Everyone's Sea: Or Is It," which focuses on fishing…

Women in most countries suffer job discrimination in terms of sex role stereotyping and lower paying jobs. The author discusses various nonformal training programs giving directions, targets, and strategies to overcome the problem and suggesting that women must be strongly motivated to improve their quality of life. (JOW)

Illiteracy among the formal working force has largely been eliminated: illiterate laborers are generally self-employed farm and home workers. Discusses the relationship between the work environment and the literacy environment as well as new directions for literacy research. (JOW)

Discusses the importance of organization and finance in developing nonformal education programs (those outside the formal primary-secondary-tertiary system and its variants). Notes goals, six aspects of organization, and discusses the problems of financing programs: the lack of money; coordination between money and programs; implementation. (JOW)

A professional physical educator makes predictions about upcoming trends in the field. (LH)

News items from issues of the "Journal of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation" are given from 1830 through the present year. (LH)

Physical exercise is a crucial but often neglected part of any recreation program for the elderly. The efforts of one senior citizen center to improve this situation are described. (LH)

An account is given of a highly successful sports, health, and recreation exhibit run by Rutgers University (New Jersey) in a public shopping mall. Organization and entertainment were the keynotes of the success. (LH)