Argues that the GI Bill has largely gone unfulfilled for blacks. This is because the poverty in which most blacks found themselves after World War II made seeking higher education problematic. College overcrowding, inadequate precollege preparation, and segregationist policies at schools did not help. The result was greater pressure on black…

Argues that Stanford University (CA) is becoming less hospitable to blacks. The author reveals that Stanford's leadership is moving politically to the right; shows there is a black decline on Stanford's campus, except in the faculty; and discusses how the school's budget cuts and downsizing adversely affected minority student interests and trust…

States that about 2,000 out of 2,100 colleges and universities are predominately white and that less than 0.1% of these are headed by black presidents. The author presents a list of 17 black presidents at white 4-year colleges and universities. (GR)

Reveals that there is a near total absence of black faculty teaching philosophy courses at American universities, particularly Ivy League Schools. The author explains why this has happened, why the trend is likely to continue, and why black colleges cannot be expected to pick up the slack. (GR)

Reviews and critically analyzes the book, "The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life." The author discusses cultural bias in intelligence tests, the errors made in assessing the cognitive abilities of blacks, and the negative effects stemming from belonging to the underclass in American society. (GR)

Examines humanistic guidance and counseling from two perspectives: the notion of confession as described by Foucault (a means of self-regulation) and modern versus postmodern concepts of identity. (SK)

The way in which teachers interact with learners may be more important than the teaching methods used. With adult learners, there is the possibility of a mutual teaching-learning relationship, which becomes the moral responsibility of both parties to achieve. (SK)

Examines the influence on adult education of Gramsci's ideas, including the concept of hegemony, the role of intellectuals, and political education. Considers how adult education can use his perspective to engage with new social movements in bringing about more democratic forms of education. (SK)

Writing on adult education history is dominated by the "Great Tradition" perspective. A new historical agenda that is more open to movements and ideas in contemporary social history could move the field from history of adult education to histories of adult learning. (SK)

Explores theological concepts used by Freire: ontology, eschatology, conversion, and prophecy. Considers implications for churches' role in adult education and responsibility to choose between conforming the person or transforming the world. (SK)

Interviews with 26 adult/community educators, business/industry training officers, and employees in occupations requiring high education levels revealed the following preferences for an adult/community education specialization: course content based on learner needs, flexibility in courses delivery, recognition of prior learner, and formal…

Chayanov's ideas on rural development (farmer participation in agricultural evolution, increasing the scope and differentiation of extension activities, and using methods adapted to farmers' characteristics) could be usefully applied today in reforming Russian agriculture. (SK)

Two groups of agriculture students were taught with case studies and one group without (about 30 students in each group). Case-method groups had greater gains in cognitive performance and changed motivation and attitudes. Case studies had a positive effect on the development of problem-solving skills. (SK)

Evaluation of the use of computer-assisted instruction at a Dutch agricultural college from 1990 to 1993 found that students appreciated the immediate feedback and flexibility and that teachers were freed to help students with serious problems. Change in test results was difficult to prove, but students appeared to work more frequently and…

A postgraduate training course in the interdisciplinary project approach for environmental science specialists emphasized the following critical elements: high degree of organization, feedback on actual practice from experts, cyclical working methods, project planning techniques, and product-oriented thinking. (SK)