Discusses the effects of mastery learning and criterion-referenced grading schemes on student memory and motivation to succeed. Indicates that such programs are effective in college level developmental education programs. Provides suggestions for establishing criterion-referenced grading schemes, including several variants of mastery grading…

Describes a case study of a basic writing student that was undertaken to examine the ways that low self-confidence can undermine a writer's voice and text. Emphasizes the important role basic writing instructors have in strengthening students' sense of self in addition to their intellectual competence. (MAB)

Describes a study evaluating an experimental approach to developmental mathematics instruction. Indicates that the experimental group was taught with a method incorporating traditional methods with student research in topics related to mathematics. Suggests that, when significant, the differences between the experimental and control groups favored…

Offers a framework for the analysis and evaluation of actions taken on behalf of children upon their environment. Examines defining suitable child development outcomes for intervention programs. Discusses poverty and prejudice, two examples of environmental conditions that threaten children's development. Summarizes the characteristics of a…

Recognizing that preschool experience of hearing stories read aloud contributes significantly to children's subsequent success in learning to read at school, this paper explores the complex and powerful literacy learning that can develop from a certain style of whole class story reading to children whose home cultures would not otherwise give them…

Based on a study that compared four day nurseries in Italy with four in Spain and four in the United Kingdom, this paper examines one aspect of the comparison, the broad differences between the three countries in their approach to learning in day nurseries. Gives some practical examples about how concepts of education have been interpreted in the…

Evaluated the effectiveness of a drawing program called "negotiated drawing" with children aged 5-7 years. Compared drawings of children using this program with those of children given normal drawing lessons. All the children improved their drawings, but the children using the negotiated drawing program improved more than the children who were…

Describes some preliminary results comparing two groups of children's performance on a set of Piagetian conservation tasks. Findings highlight the need to sensitize parents and teachers to current views on appropriate learning environments for young children, particularly the strategies they might use to make sense of their experiences. (TJQ)

Examines the function of schooling as constituted in the interactional sequences of routine testing events. Demonstrates that classroom testing represents a critical activity through which the grouping of students is accomplished. Suggests that the differentiation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous school populations is a necessary by-product…

Presents findings from a case study of one fifth grade student's efforts to construct meaning in her science class during a unit on light. Contends that students' efforts to construct meaning may suggest instructional approaches that guide learners to consider and grasp scientific explanations while still valuing their own insights and abilities…

Reviews nonmetropolitan regional demographic trends of the 1980s including population change, age distribution, migration by county type and age, effect of metropolitan proximity, changes in income and poverty, minority population, educational attainment, numbers of rural schools and school districts, and district enrollment. Suggests that…

Early political struggles over principles of governance culminated in our "commercially competitive civil society" in which numbers equate with power, resulting in disempowerment of rural people, decreasing rural influence on public policy, and consequent irrelevant education in rural communities. Education can provide the basis for a new politics…

Examines 14 national educational trends or developments, 1989-93, and their implications for rural education. Covers shifting control of educational policy, national goals, accountability, redirected school reform, redesign of school governance, collaboration, school choice, privatization, state school finance, national educational technology…

Systemic reform of rural education must move beyond strictly educational matters to encompass enhancement of technological infrastructure to combat isolation, changes in political thinking to overcome the disempowerment of rural citizens, increasing educational resources and services to achieve equitable rural education, and eradicating persistent…

Review of four articles on nonmetropolitan trends suggests that (1) access to adequate education and other services should be ensured regardless of locale; (2) urban-rural dichotomies are politically useless; and (3) rural schools and communities should pursue locally defined goals. A coherent comprehensive rural policy is needed that values…